Table 1.
General characteristics of participants according to sugar-sweetened beverage consumption.
| Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption | p-Value 1) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Drinker | ≤2/Week | 3–6/Week | ≥1/Day | ||
| Men (n = 5308) | |||||
| No. of participants | 1000 (18.8) 2) | 2259 (42.6) | 1247 (23.5) | 802 (15.1) | |
| Age (years) | 51.3 ± 0.3 | 46.3 ± 0.2 | 43.4 ± 0.3 | 43.2 ± 0.4 | <0.0001 |
| Height (cm) | 169.6 ± 0.2 | 171.2 ± 0.1 | 172.5 ± 0.2 | 172.0 ± 0.2 | <0.0001 |
| Weight (kg) | 70.5 ± 0.4 | 72.2 ± 0.3 | 73.2 ± 0.4 | 73.9 ± 0.4 | <0.0001 |
| Household income 3) | |||||
| Lowest | 127 (12.8) | 171 (7.6) | 63 (5.1) | 42 (5.3) | <0.0001 |
| Lower middle | 252 (25.4) | 529 (23.6) | 283 (22.8) | 146 (18.3) | |
| Upper middle | 289 (29.1) | 745 (33.2) | 421 (33.9) | 260 (32.7) | |
| Highest | 326 (32.8) | 800 (35.6) | 476 (38.3) | 348 (43.7) | |
| Education level | |||||
| ≤Elementary school | 165 (17.9) | 189 (9.0) | 74 (6.5) | 21 (2.9) | <0.0001 |
| Middle school | 134 (14.5) | 201 (9.6) | 79 (6.9) | 40 (5.5) | |
| High school | 304 (32.9) | 719 (34.2) | 395 (34.7) | 201 (27.6) | |
| ≥College | 320 (34.7) | 992 (47.2) | 591 (51.9) | 466 (64.0) | |
| Alcohol consumption | |||||
| Non-drinker | 157 (16.3) | 303 (13.0) | 143 (11.2) | 85 (10.8) | 0.0047 |
| Moderate drinker | 452 (48.0) | 1177 (54.9) | 656 (56.4) | 433 (57.1) | |
| Heavy drinker | 332 (35.6) | 680 (32.0) | 375 (32.3) | 243 (32.1) | |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Never smoker | 139 (14.8) | 424 (19.6) | 243 (20.7) | 153 (20.1) | 0.0475 |
| Past smoker | 397 (42.2) | 856 (39.6) | 428 (36.5) | 291 (38.2) | |
| Current smoker | 404 (43.0) | 880 (40.7) | 503 (42.8) | 317 (41.7) | |
| Physical activity | |||||
| Low | 710 (78.2) | 1558 (77.4) | 815 (74.7) | 511 (73.5) | 0.0732 |
| Moderate | 86 (11.2) | 207 (10.7) | 128 (12.5) | 74 (10.9) | |
| High | 89 (10.6) | 229 (12.0) | 138 (12.8) | 114 (15.6) | |
| Women (n = 6804) | |||||
| No. of participants | 1844 (27.1) | 3292 (48.4) | 1184 (17.4) | 484 (7.1) | |
| Age (year) | 47.7 ± 0.3 | 44.3 ± 0.2 | 43.9 ± 0.3 | 43.4 ± 0.5 | <0.0001 |
| Height (cm) | 158.0 ± 0.2 | 158.7 ± 0.1 | 159.2 ± 0.2 | 158.8 ± 0.3 | <0.0001 |
| Weight (kg) | 58.3 ± 0.2 | 58.2 ± 0.2 | 59.3 ± 0.3 | 59.8 ± 0.5 | 0.0052 |
| Household income | |||||
| Lowest | 221 (12.0) | 253 (7.7) | 98 (8.3) | 38 (7.9) | 0.1008 |
| Lower middle | 462 (25.2) | 808 (24.7) | 266 (22.6) | 110 (22.9) | |
| Upper middle | 546 (29.7) | 1063 (32.5) | 389 (33.0) | 140 (29.2) | |
| Highest | 607 (33.1) | 1151 (35.1) | 425 (36.1) | 192 (40.0) | |
| Education level | |||||
| ≤Elementary school | 259 (14.8) | 268 (8.7) | 73 (6.6) | 30 (6.8) | <0.0001 |
| Middle school | 223 (12.7) | 276 (8.9) | 92 (8.3) | 30 (6.8) | |
| High school | 688 (39.3) | 1164 (37.6) | 448 (40.3) | 195 (44.1) | |
| ≥ College | 581 (33.2) | 1384 (44.8) | 498 (44.8) | 187 (42.3) | |
| Alcohol consumption | |||||
| Non-drinker | 596 (32.5) | 842 (24.7) | 288 (24.8) | 106 (24.2) | <0.0001 |
| Moderate drinker | 1102 (62.2) | 2145 (69.0) | 778 (68.0) | 321 (67.2) | |
| Heavy drinker | 99 (5.3) | 187 (6.3) | 74 (7.2) | 33 (8.6) | |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Never smoker | 1609 (89.6) | 2867 (90.3) | 1006 (88.2) | 396 (86.1) | 0.0212 |
| Past smoker | 85 (4.7) | 169 (5.3) | 62 (5.4) | 28 (6.1) | |
| Current smoker | 102 (5.7) | 138 (4.3) | 72 (6.3) | 36 (7.8) | |
| Physical activity | |||||
| Low | 1494 (85.6) | 2592 (84.5) | 920 (83.1) | 335 (77.6) | 0.0005 |
| Moderate | 130 (8.0) | 258 (8.8) | 90 (9.1) | 55 (12.9) | |
| High | 103 (6.3) | 196 (6.7) | 79 (7.8) | 40 (9.5) | |
1)p-values were calculated via survey regression for continuous variables and via the complex sampling chi-square test for categorical variables. 2) Values are presented as mean ± standard error or weighted N (percent). 3) Household income was defined as quartile according to sex and age group.