Table 3.
BMI and metabolic syndrome components according to sugar-sweetened beverage consumption.
| Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption | p-Value 1) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Drinker | ≤2/Week | 3–6/Week | ≥1/Day | ||
| Men (n = 5,308) | |||||
| BMI 2) (kg/m2) | 24.5 ± 0.1 3) | 24.6 ± 0.1 | 24.6 ± 0.1 | 24.9 ± 0.1 | 0.1307 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 85.8 ± 0.3 | 85.6 ± 0.2 | 85.5 ± 0.3 | 86.1 ± 0.3 | 0.5930 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 121.0 ± 0.5 | 118.9 ± 0.4 | 118.6 ± 0.5 | 119.9 ± 0.6 | 0.0630 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79.8 ± 0.4 | 79.6 ± 0.2 | 79.9 ± 0.3 | 81.2 ± 0.4 | 0.0107 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 46.6 ± 0.4 | 47.2 ± 0.3 | 47.0 ± 0.3 | 47.2 ± 0.4 | 0.9359 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 184.5 ± 5.7 | 171.0 ± 3.4 | 174.0 ± 4.4 | 185.2 ± 6.2 | 0.1426 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 105.5 ± 0.9 | 101.6 ± 0.5 | 101.6 ± 0.8 | 102.6 ± 1.1 | 0.2385 |
| Prevalence | |||||
| Obesity 4) | 374 (38.5) | 930 (40.8) | 521 (41.5) | 388 (48.6) | 0.0011 |
| MetS | 385 (37.3) | 701 (29.6) | 372 (29.2) | 259 (31.9) | 0.0007 |
| Increased waist circumference | 304 (30.8) | 654 (28.7) | 348 (26.7) | 250 (31.1) | 0.1640 |
| Elevated blood pressure | 506 (49.3) | 946 (38.6) | 498 (38.6) | 342 (41.9) | <0.0001 |
| Reduced HDL cholesterol | 352 (35.3) | 690 (30.2) | 364 (30.3) | 220 (25.8) | 0.0024 |
| Elevated triglyceride | 441 (45.9) | 931 (43.3) | 524 (43.8) | 358 (46.8) | 0.3576 |
| Elevated fasting glucose | 503 (48.4) | 911 (39.1) | 472 (36.4) | 309 (39.4) | <0.0001 |
| Women (n = 6804) | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.4 ± 0.1 | 23.1 ± 0.1 | 23.4 ± 0.1 | 23.7 ± 0.2 | 0.0022 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 78.0 ± 0.3 | 77.4 ± 0.2 | 77.9 ± 0.3 | 78.1 ± 0.5 | 0.0502 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 113.5 ± 0.4 | 111.7 ± 0.3 | 111.8 ± 0.5 | 112.0 ± 0.7 | 0.1283 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 73.8 ± 0.3 | 73.7 ± 0.2 | 73.7 ± 0.3 | 74.0 ± 0.5 | 0.0320 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 54.8 ± 0.3 | 54.9 ± 0.2 | 54.4 ± 0.4 | 54.2 ± 0.8 | 0.0934 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 111.4 ± 2.3 | 108.0 ± 1.6 | 116.2 ± 2.8 | 125.5 ± 13.6 | 0.0032 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 96.8 ± 0.6 | 95.2 ± 0.4 | 97.1 ± 0.7 | 99.0 ± 1.7 | 0.0070 |
| Prevalence | |||||
| Obesity | 507 (27.0) | 864 (25.5) | 321 (27.4) | 149 (32.3) | 0.0493 |
| MetS | 460 (23.3) | 689 (19.8) | 261 (22.3) | 108 (23.6) | 0.0449 |
| Increased waist circumference | 726 (37.9) | 1161 (34.4) | 446 (37.5) | 192 (39.4) | 0.0632 |
| Elevated blood pressure | 514 (26.3) | 732 (21.2) | 271 (22.2) | 99 (20.5) | 0.0024 |
| Reduced HDL cholesterol | 785 (43.1) | 1321 (41.7) | 479 (41.6) | 200 (45.1) | 0.5691 |
| Elevated triglyceride | 344 (18.9) | 584 (18.1) | 245 (22.9) | 83 (19.3) | 0.0293 |
| Elevated fasting glucose | 462 (24.9) | 723 (22.8) | 265 (24.8) | 130 (27.8) | 0.1415 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; MetS, metabolic syndrome; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.1) p-values were calculated via survey regression adjusted for age. 2) Body mass index was calculated as weight (kg)/height (m)2. 3) Values are presented as adjusted mean ± standard errors or weighted N (percent). 4) Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥25 kg/m2.