Table 3.
Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE) of bioactive compounds from marine macroalgae and their bioactivity.
| Macroalgae Species | Ultrasound Operating Conditions | Bioactive Compounds | Bioactivity | Ref. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample Mass [g] | Water Volume [mL] | Pressure [MPa] | Temp. [°C] | Time [min] | ||||
| Sargassum muticum | 2 | - | 10.3 (1500 psi) |
50, 125 and 200 | 20 | Polyphenols, phlorotannins | Antioxidant | [34] |
| Padina pavonica | 0.65 | - | 15 | 60 | 10 (2 cycles) | - | Anti-hyaluronidase | [58] |
| Fucus serratus, Laminaria digitata, Gracilaria gracilis, Codium fragile | 2.5 | - | 10.3 (1500 psi) |
120 | 25 | Polyphenols | Antioxidant | [64] |
| Cystoseira abies-marina, Porphyra spp., Sargassum vulgare, Sargassum muticum, Undaria pinnatifida, Halopitys incurvus | 1 | - | 10.3 (1500 psi) |
120 and 200 | 20 | Polyphenols, neo-antioxidants, amino acids | Antioxidant and anti-microbial | [69] |
| Himanthalia elongata | 1 | - | 10.3 (1500 psi) |
100 | 20 | Poly-saccharides | Antiviral | [14] |
| Saccharina japonica | 9.65 | 160 | 10 | 150 | 5 | Fucoidan | Antioxidant | [12] |
| Saccharina japonica | 6 | 150 | 1.3–52 | 180–420 | 5 | Total organic carbon, minerals, amino acids, mono-saccharides | - | [70] |
| Ascophyllum nodosum, Pelvetia canaliculata, Fucus spiralis, Ulva intestinalis | 2.5 | - | 10.3 (1500 psi) |
120 | - | Polyphenols | Antioxidant | [66] |
| Saccharina japonica | 5 | 160 | 5 | 100–250 | 5 | Polyphenols | Antioxidant | [67] |