| DNL | de novo lipogenesis |
| AT | adipose tissue |
| WAT | white adipose tissue |
| TG | Triglyceride |
| FAHFA | fatty acid ester of hydroxyl fatty acid |
| PAHSA | palmitic acid ester of hydroxyl stearic acid |
| T2DM | type 2 diabetes |
| CVD | cardiovascular disease |
| NAFLD | non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
| VLDL | very low density lipoproteins |
| NEFA | non-esterified fatty acids |
| LPL | lipoprotein lipase |
| FATP1 | fatty acid transport protein-1 |
| ATGL | adipose triglyceride lipase |
| DAG | diacylglycerol |
| HSL | hormone-sensitive lipase |
| MAG | monoacylglycerol |
| MGL | monoacylglycerol lipase |
| BAT | brown adipose tissue |
| TCA | tricarboxylic acid |
| ACLY | ATP-citrate lyase |
| ACC1 | acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 |
| FASN | fatty acid synthase |
| SREBP | sterol regulatory element-binding protein |
| ChREBP | carbohydrate response element-binding protein |
| LXR | liver X receptor |
| ER | endoplasmic reticulum |
| SCAP | SREBP cleavage-activating protein |
| mTORC | mammalian target of rapamycin complex |
| SCD1 | stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 |
| PPAR | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor |
| BCKDH | branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase |
| BCAA | branched-chain amino acids |
| AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
| O-GlcNAc | O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine |
| OGT | O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine transferase |
| OGA | O-GlcNAcase |
| USP2A | ubiquitin-specific protease-2a |
| MBH | media basal hypothalamus |
| NPGL | neurosecretory protein GL |
| GPR120 | G protein-coupled receptor 120 |