Table 1.

IFN-regulated genes (ISGs) with evidence for contributing to sterile liver pathology.

General Role	ISG	Specific Role in Sterile Liver Disease		Ref
IFN signaling	JAK2 STAT1/2	IFNAR-deficiency protects from liver injury	I/R	[99]
		IFN-α promotes liver injury	I/R	[100]
		IFNAR-deficiency delays experimental intoxication injury	APAP	[101]
Transcription factors	IRF-1	hepatocellular graft IRF-1 promotes experimental liver transplant injury	I/R	[102]
		promotes experimental liver injury by enhancing hepatocyte apoptosis	I/R	[100]
		promotes injury via IL-15	I/R	[103]
		promotes injury via activation of PMNs	I/R	[104]
		activates autophagic cell death, aggravates hepatic injury	I/R	[105,106]
		mediates HMGB1 release	I/R	[105,106]
	IRF-2	IRF-1 antagonist, protective against liver injury	I/R	[107]
	IRF-3	linking alcohol-induced ER stress with hepatocyte apoptosis	ALD	[80]
	IRF-9	mediator of liver injury	I/R	[108]
Sensitizing for DAMPs	TLR4	involved in ROS-mediated HMGB1 release in liver injury	I/R	[48]
		engages disulfide-HMGB1 thereby promoting liver injury	I/R	[24]
		mediates KC type I IFN activation in experimental liver injury	I/R	[99]
		facilitates HMGB1-driven paracrine cytolytic effect on cholesterol-loaded hepatocytes	NASH	[78,79]
		senses NMI and IFP35 in experimental liver intoxication	APAP	[98]
	TLR9	senses mtDNA in experimental intoxication	APAP	[109]
		promotes experimental liver injury	NASH	[110]
	cGAS	promotes exp. liver injury by sensing extracellular DNA	APAP	[101]
		deletion of cGAS aggravates experimental liver injury independent of STING	I/R	[111]
	STING	promotes exp. liver injury by sensing extracellular DNA	APAP	[101]
		promotes IRF-3-mediated parenchymal apoptotic cell death in response to alcohol	ALD	[80]
Acting as DAMPs	NMI	released by activated macrophages acting on TLR4 in experimental intoxication	APAP	[98]
		NMI deficiency reduces liver injury and mortality	APAP	[98]
	IFP35	released by activated macrophages acting on TLR4 in experimental intoxication	APAP	[98]