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. 2018 Oct 5;10(10):1436. doi: 10.3390/nu10101436

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effect of low protein intake during pregnancy on the exhibition of renal damage markers by offspring at 12 weeks after birth. (a) Offspring urinary albumin excretion levels (Animal Experiment 1). (b) Offspring urinary albumin excretion levels (Animal Experiment 2). (c) Aldosterone concentration levels in offspring plasma (Animal Experiment 1). (d) Aldosterone concentration levels in offspring plasma (Animal Experiment 2). Values are expressed as the mean ± standard error (n = 7–8). ** p < 0.01 vs. the CN-W group according to a Student’s t-test. Offspring were exposed to either an intrauterine environment of 20% (CN)-feeding mothers or that of 9% (LP)-Casein diet-feeding mothers, and provided with either water (W) or 1% saline drinking supply (S).