Figure 4.

p-mTOR (Ser2448, Ser2481) expressions in MC3T3-E1 cells with/without melatonin treatment. MC3T3-E1 cells were incubated in α-MEM supplemented with 10% FBS at 37 °C with 5% CO₂. MC3T3-E1 cells in the presence or absence of melatonin (0.1, 1 mM) were treated with chloral hydrate (4 mM) for 3 days or nocodazole (10 μg/mL) for 4 h. p-mTOR (Ser2448, Ser2481) expressions were identified by Western blots (A). p-mTOR (Ser2448) (B) and p-mTOR (Ser2481) (C) were quantified with ImageJ analysis software. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. FBS alone; ^### p < 0.001 vs. FBS + chloral hydrate; ^%% p < 0.01, ^%%% p < 0.001 vs. FBS + nocodazole.