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. 2018 Oct 5;19(10):3043. doi: 10.3390/ijms19103043

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Schematic representation of deoxycholic acid (DCA) cytotoxicity mediated by the activation of the TNF signaling pathway. Solid arrows indicate direct interactions and broken arrows indicate indirect effects. Red represents statistically significant upregulation and blue represents statistically significant downregulation (p ≤ 0.05). Abbreviations: AP-1, activator protein-1; ASK1, apoptosis signal regulating kinase 1; Bcl-3, B-cell lymphoma 3; CASP, caspase; Ccl, C–C motif chemokine ligand; CEBPB, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta; c-FLIP, cellular Fas-associated via death domain (FADD)-like interlukin (IL)-1β-converting enzyme-inhibitory protein; Csf, colony stimulating factor; Cx3cl1, C–X3–C motif chemokine ligand 1; Cxcl, C–X–C motif chemokine ligand; Edn1, endothelin 1; ERK, extracellular signal-related kinase; FADD, Fas associated via death domain; Fas, Fas cell surface death receptor; Fos, Fos proto-oncogene; ICAM1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; IκB, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB); IKK, IκB kinase; ITCH, itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; Jag1, Jagged1; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; Jun, Jun proto-oncogene; Lif, leukemia inhibitory factor; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK1, MAPK/ERK kinase 1; MKK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; MSK, mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B; NIK, NF-κB-inducing kinase; Nod2, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2; Ptgs2, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2; RIP1, receptor-interacting protein 1; Sele, selectin E; Socs3, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3; SODD, silencer of death domains; TAB, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-activated kinase binding protein 1; TAK1, TGF-β-activating kinase 1; Tnfaip3, TNF-α-induced protein 3; TNFR1, TNF receptor superfamily member 1; Tpl2, tumor progression locus 2; TRADD, TNFR1-associated via death domain; TRAF, TNF receptor-associated factor; Vcam1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; Vegfc, vascular endothelial growth factor C.