Table 3.
Anemia prevalence in children 6–59 months by demographic characteristics and nutritional, disease, and environmental risk factors of anemia, Azerbaijan 2013.
| Characteristic | Number of Children Tested | Anemia % a,b (95% CI) c |
Chi-Square p-Value d |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age group (in months) | |||
| 6–11 | 87 | 40.0 (29.2, 51.8) | <0.001 |
| 12–23 | 209 | 34.8 (27.7, 42.7) | |
| 24–35 | 244 | 23.8 (17.7, 31.2) | |
| 36–47 | 285 | 20.6 (15.2, 27.4) | |
| 48–59 | 286 | 18.2 (13.3, 24.2) | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 617 | 28.2 (23.5, 33.4) | <0.05 |
| Female | 494 | 20.5 (16.8, 24.8) | |
| Residence | |||
| Urban | 371 | 21.4 (17.0, 26.7) | 0.080 |
| Rural | 738 | 27.3 (23.2, 31.7) | |
| Region | |||
| Baku | 50 | 14.1 (6.7, 27.4) | 0.347 |
| Absheron | 90 | 22.9 (13.3, 36.5) | |
| Aran | 182 | 31.5 (24.7, 39.2) | |
| Daghligh Shirvan | 119 | 29.8 (21.1, 40.3) | |
| Ganja-Gazakh | 113 | 20.9 (15.2, 27.9) | |
| Guba-Khachmaz | 122 | 25.6 (16.3, 37.6) | |
| Lankaran | 149 | 26.1 (18.1, 35.9) | |
| Sheki-Zaqatala | 129 | 29.4 (20.8, 39.8) | |
| Yukhari Garabakh | 157 | 20.8 (14.5, 29.1) | |
| Wealth Quintile | |||
| Lowest | 186 | 31.2 (23.4, 40.1) | 0.424 |
| Second | 222 | 23.9 (17.8, 31.4) | |
| Middle | 235 | 23.5 (17.6, 30.7) | |
| Fourth | 254 | 25.7 (19.5, 33.1) | |
| Highest | 211 | 20.9 (14.6, 28.8) | |
| Household water source | |||
| Unsafe | 219 | 29.5 (23.4, 36.5) | 0.050 |
| Safe | 865 | 22.7 (19.2, 26.6) | |
| Household sanitation | |||
| Inadequate | 300 | 26.4 (20.6, 33.3) | 0.524 |
| Adequate | 805 | 24.1 (20.5, 28.1) | |
| Household handwashing place has soap and water | |||
| Yes | 66 | 23.7 (20.5, 27.4) | 0.053 |
| No | 1014 | 36.8 (24.0, 51.8) | |
| Mother’s Education | |||
| Basic secondary or less | 257 | 31.5 (25.0, 38.7) | 0.079 |
| Some or completed secondary | 377 | 26.4 (21.2, 32.4) | |
| Higher | 174 | 19.6 (13.2, 28.3) | |
| Diarrhea in the past 2 weeks | |||
| Yes | 67 | 34.3 (22.7, 48.1) | 0.097 |
| No | 1044 | 24.0 (20.8, 27.6) | |
| Child had lower respiratory infection | |||
| Yes | 63 | 39.8 (25.6, 55.8) | <0.05 |
| No | 1036 | 23.8 (20.6, 27.3) | |
| Minimum dietary diversity e | |||
| Yes | 158 | 36.2 (29.0, 45.2) | 0.647 |
| No | 132 | 33.1 (23.7, 44.0) | |
| Minimum meal frequency e | |||
| Yes | 160 | 37.8 (29.1, 47.3) | 0.789 |
| No | 114 | 35.9 (26.4, 46.7) | |
| Minimum dietary adequacy e | |||
| Yes | 51 | 47.2 (32.0, 63.0) | 0.133 |
| No | 234 | 33.7 (26.5, 41.9) | |
| Consumption of iron-rich foods e | |||
| Yes | 177 | 31.9% (24.5, 40.3) | 0.171 |
| No | 107 | 41.6 (30.5, 53.7) | |
| Wasting/Overweight | |||
| Wasted (WHZ ≤ −2) | 27 | 26.8 (11.9, 49.8) | 0.529 |
| Normal (WHZ > −2 to ≤+2) | 900 | 25.3 (21.6, 29.3) | |
| Overweight/obese (WHZ > +2) | 142 | 20.5 (14.1, 28.6) | |
| Stunting | |||
| Yes | 171 | 23.3 (16.9, 31.3) | 0.730 |
| No | 909 | 24.7 (21.1, 28.6) | |
| Iron status | |||
| Deficient (sF < 12 µg/l) | 185 | 46.0 (37.1, 55.1) | <0.001 |
| Sufficient (sF ≥ 12 µg/l) | 889 | 20.5 (17.1, 24.3) | |
| Vitamin A status | |||
| Deficient (RBP < 0.70 μmol/L) | 60 | 27.0 (15.2, 43.3) | 0.692 |
| Sufficient (RBP ≥ 0.70 μmol/L) | 1014 | 24.0 (20.7, 27.7) | |
| Zinc status | |||
| Deficient | 122 | 31.6 (22.6, 42.2) | 0.133 |
| Sufficient | 927 | 23.8 (20.5, 27.5) | |
| Inflammation | |||
| None | 761 | 20.9 (17.5, 24.8) | <0.01 |
| CRP and/or AGP elevated | 313 | 31.4 (25.5, 38.1) | |
Note: The n’s are the un-weighted numbers of children in each subgroup; subgroups that do not sum to the total have missing data. a Percentages weighted for non-response and survey design. b Anemia defined as hemoglobin <110 g/L adjusted for altitude. c CI = confidence interval, adjusted for cluster sampling design. d Chi-square p-value < 0.05 indicates that the variation in the values of the subgroup are significantly different from all other subgroups. e Dietary consumption indicators only collected in children 6–23 months of age.