Figure 8.

The molecular mechanism causing low interstitial fluid pH and insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus (DM) (left column), and the improvement of insulin resistance by oral intake of foods containing weak organic acids with carboxyl groups (right column). The left column inside of the red square indicates the molecular mechanism causing DM and insulin resistance via lowering interstitial fluid pH by producing a lot of H⁺. The right column inside of the blue square indicates the molecular mechanism of oral intake of foods containing weak organic acids with carboxyl groups improving lowered pH of interstitial fluids, insulin binding and insulin resistance under the DM condition.