Table 1.
Subjects’ clinical and metabolic characteristics.
| Characteristics | TG (n = 23) | p-Value TG V1 vs. V2 | HC (n = 23) | p-Value HC vs. TG V1 | SG (n = 9) | p-Value SG V1 vs. V2 | p-Value SG V1 vs. TG V1 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TG V1 | TG V2 | SG V1 | SG V2 | ||||||
| Age year | 46 ± 13 | − | − | 46 ± 12.6 | 1 | 47.4 ± 13.6 | − | − | 0.8 |
| Sex M/F n | 11/12 | − | − | 11/12 | − | 5/4 | − | − | − |
| DOD years | 23 ± 13.6 | − | − | − | − | 23.7 ± 14.1 | − | − | 0.9 |
| BMI kg/m2 | 28.7 (24–32) | 29 (23–32) | >0.05 | 26.2 ± 4.7 | 0.1 | 23.8 (22–27) | 23.7 (21.3–27.1) | 0.3 | <0.05 |
| Systolic BP mmHg | 125 ± 10.8 | 121 ± 14 | 0.2 | 119.4 ± 9 | 0.2 | 132.8 ± 6.2 | 130.8 ± 12.1 | 0.7 | 0.05 |
| Diastolic BP mmHg | 76.2 ± 9.2 | 74 ± 7 | 0.1 | 75.7 ± 9 | 0.9 | 77 ± 8.2 | 72.9 ± 3.6 | 0.4 | 0.8 |
| HbA1c mmol/mol | 56.9 ± 10.5 | 55.9 ± 8.5 | 0.5 | 34.8 ± 2.9 | <0.0001 | 58.6 ± 7.4 | 59 ± 9 | 0.7 | 0.6 |
| HbA1c % | 7.3 ± 0.9 | 7.3 ± 0.8 | 0.6 | 5.3 ± 0.3 | <0.0001 | 7.5 ± 0.70 | 7.5 ± 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| Insulin dose units | 44 (20–69) | 39 (18–66) | <0.001 | − | − | 52.3 ± 11 | 52.9 ± 11 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Smoking Y/E/N | 4/2/17 | − | − | 0/0/23 | 2/1/6 | − | − | − | |
| Total cholesterol mmol/L | 4.5 ± 0.8 | 4.4 ± 1 | 0.2 | 4.96 ± 0.8 | 0.1 | 4.8 ± 1.3 | 4.9 ± 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.7 |
| Triglyceride mmol/L | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.9 | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 0.008 | 0.7 ± 0.32 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.2 |
| HDL-cholesterol mmol/L | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | <0.05 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 0.1 | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
| Creatinine µmol/L | 73 (68–94) | 70 (63–77) | 0.01 | 78 (70–87) | 0.3 | 75 (65–87) | 77 (62.8–83.5) | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| WCC cells/mL | 6.4 ± 2.4 | 6.3 ± 2 | 0.7 | 6.3 ± 1.6 | 0.9 | 5.8 ± 1.5 | 5.6 ± 1.7 | 0.9 | 0.5 |
Values are given as mean ± SD or * median (interquartile range (IQ). kg, kilogram; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; M, male; F, female; DOD, duration of diabetes; Y, yes; E, ex-smoker; N, no. TG V1, pre-treatment; TG V2, post-treatment; SG V1, pre-observation; SG V2, post-observation; V1, visit 1; V2, visit 2; WCC, white cell count. * HbA1c TG V2 vs. SG V2 p = 0.6.