Table 2.
CDK-specific inhibitors currently studied in clinical trials.
| Drug | Targeted CDKs | Clinical Trial Phase | Disease | Observations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flavopiridol | 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9 [26] | Phase I | Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) [27] | After chemoimmunotherapy |
| Advanced solid tumours [227] | In combination with oxaliplatin and fluorouracil/leucovorin | |||
| Advanced solid tumours [228] | In combination with FOLFIRI | |||
| Advanced solid tumours [229] | In combination with docetaxel | |||
| Advanced sarcomas [230] | In combination with doxorubicin | |||
| Pancreatic cancer [231] | In combination with radiation and gemcitabine | |||
| Phase II | Metastatic melanoma, endometrial adenocarcinoma, multiple myeloma [190] | |||
| Pancreatic cancer [232,233] | In combination with docetaxel | |||
| Dinaciclib | 1, 2, 5, 9 [211] | Phase I | CLL [234] | |
| Advanced malignancies [212] | ||||
| Triple-negative breast cancer [235] | In combination with epirubicin | |||
| Pancreatic cancer [236] | No results published yet | |||
| Phase II | Multiple myeloma [237] | |||
| Advanced breast cancer [238] | In comparison vs. capecitabine | |||
| Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [239] | In comparison vs. erlotinib | |||
| Phase III | CLL [213] | In comparison vs. ofatumumab | ||
| SNS-032 | 2, 7, 9 [219] | Phase I | Metastatic refractory solid tumours [220] | |
| CLL, multiple myeloma [221] | ||||
| Abemaciclib | 4, 6 [240] | Phase II | Pancreatic cancer [241] | In combination with gemcitabine, capecitabine |
| Advanced breast cancer [242] (MONARCH 1) | ||||
| Phase III | Advanced breast cancer [243] (MONARCH 2) | In combination with fulvestrant | ||
| Advanced breast cancer [244] (MONARCH 3) | In combination with aromatase inhibitor | |||
| NSCLC (KRAS-mutation) [245] (JUNIPER) | In comparison vs. erlotinib | |||
| FDA-approved for advanced breast cancer [246] | ||||
| Palbociclib | 4, 6 [240] | Phase I | Advanced solid tumours [247,248,249], including pancreatic cancer | In combination with cisplatin, carboplatin, ulixertinib, gedatolisib |
| Phase II | Advanced breast cancer [250,251] | In combination with anastrozole, letrozole | ||
| Phase III | Advanced breast cancer [252] | In combination with fulvestrant | ||
| FDA-approved for advanced breast cancer [253] | ||||
| Ribociclib | 4, 6 [240] | Phase I/II | Advanced solid tumours [254] | |
| Bryostatin-1 | 2 [190,255] | Phase II | Advanced pancreatic carcinoma [256] | In combination to paclitaxel |
| Milciclib | 1, 2, 4, 5 [257] | Phase I | Refractory solid tumours [257] | In combination with gemcitabine |