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. 2018 Oct 21;19(10):3267. doi: 10.3390/ijms19103267

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Mechanism of mTORC1 activation via Rag proteins by amino acids. mTORC1 is transferred to lysosome from cytosol by promoting heterodimerization of GTP-binding Rag proteins, which work as mediators of amino acid signaling to mTORC1. It is then activated by binding to GTP-bound Rheb on lysosome. Extracellular arginine and leucine activate RagA-RagC heterodimer, GTP-binding RagA, and GDP-binding RagC via amino acid transporter CASTOR1/2 and Sestrin1/2 to transfer mTORC1 to lysosome. Lysosomal arginine also activates Rag heterodimer via lysosomal amino acid transporter SLC38A9.