. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 2.

Published in final edited form as: Diabetologia. 2016 Jun 24;59(10):2058–2067. doi: 10.1007/s00125-016-4026-0

Table 1.

The phenotypic characteristics, mechanistic requirements and functional consequences of eSIN


Model of autoimmune diabetes	Phenotype				Mechanism		Dysfunction
Model of autoimmune diabetes	Early	Sustained	Marked	Islet only	Infiltration	p75^NTR	Glucagon secretion^a
BB rat	D	D	D	D	NT	NT	D
NOD mouse	D	D	D	D	D	NT	D
RIP-GP mouse	D²	D¹	D²	D²	D¹	D¹	D¹
Human type 1	D	D	D	D	NT	NT	NT

Impairment of sympathetically mediated glucagon secretion

D, demonstrated; NT, not tested; D², demonstrated in both viral and non-viral models; D¹ demonstrated in viral model yet not tested in the non-viral model