Figure 5.

Effects of laminarin sulfate on atherosclerosis, heparanase and the intestinal microbiome. (A) Inhibition of heparanase by Inhibition of purified placental heparanase. Radiolabeled ECM was incubated with heparanase in the presence of LS (•) or heparin (○). Heparanase activity is expressed as K_av x cpm eluted in the second peak when the incubation media was analyzed by gel filtration chromatography. Modified and used with permission (47). (B) Severity of plaques in the small and large coronary arteries of rabbits that were treated under control conditions, with a high cholesterol diet (chol) or a high cholesterol diet with laminarin sulfate (LS). Male New Zealand rabbits were used with n = 26 for the control group, n = 24 for the chol group and n = 25 for the chol + LS group. Scores have been adjusted with maximum possible being 370 for large arteries and 544 for small arteries. Modified and used with permission (48). (C) Abundance of phylum (A) and genus levels (B) of bacteria in the gut in mice fed a high fat diet and laminarin sulfate for 42 days. Modified and used with permission (49).