TABLE 1.
Baseline Characteristics, Bivariate Analyses
| Full Sample | Hazardous Drinking | Any Illicit Substance Use | Poly substance Use | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 433 | Yes, n = 100 (23.1%) | No, n = 333 (76.9%) | p | Yes, n = 53 (12.2%) | No, n = 380 (87.8%) | p | Yes, n = 39 (9.0%) | No, n = 394 (91.0%) | p | |
| Characteristic | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Lives in Mumbai | ||||||||||
| Yes | 323 (74.6) | 80 (80.0) | 243 (73.0) | .157 | 44 (83.0) | 279 (73.4) | .133 | 32(82.1) | 291 (73.9) | .262 |
| No | 110 (25.4) | 20 (20.0) | 90 (27.0) | 9 (17.0) | 101 (26.6) | 7(18.0) | 102 (26.1) | |||
| Age | ||||||||||
| 18–24 years old | 130 (30.0%) | 24 (24.0) | 106 (31.8) | .134 | 17(32.1) | 113 (29.7) | .728 | 131(28.2) | 119 (30.2) | .795 |
| 25+ years old | 303 (70.0) | 76 (76.0) | 227 (68.2) | 28 (71.8) | 270 (69.8) | 36 (67.9) | 267(10.3) | |||
| Married to a woman (n = 420) | ||||||||||
| Yes | 46(11.0) | 4 (4.0) | 42(13.1) | .012* | 1 (1.9) | 45 (12.3) | .024* | 1 (2.6) | 45 (11.8) | .078† |
| No | 374 (89.1) | 95 (96.0) | 279 (86.9) | 52 (98.1) | 322 (87.7) | 38 (97.4) | 336 (88.2) | |||
| Income (n = 403) | ||||||||||
| ≥ ₹25,001 | 223 (55.3) | 66 (71.7) | 157(50.5) | < .001** | 27 (56.3) | 196 (55.2) | .892 | 20 (57.1) | 203 (55.2) | .822 |
| ≤ ₹25,000 | 180 (44.7) | 26 (28.3) | 154 (49.5) | 21 (43.8) | 159 (44.8) | 16(38.1) | 164 (45.4) | |||
| Graduated college (n = 425) | ||||||||||
| Yes | 370 (87.1) | 86 (87.8) | 284 (86.9) | .815 | 44 (84.6) | 326 (87.4) | .575 | 34 (87.2) | 336 (87.1) | .981 |
| No | 55 (12.9) | 12 (12.2) | 43 (13.2) | 8 (15.4) | 47(12.6) | 5 (12.8) | 50 (13.0) | |||
| Bellaviorally bisexual | ||||||||||
| Yes | 78 (18.0) | 17(17.0) | 61 (18.32) | .764 | 10 (18.9) | 68 (17.9) | .863 | 8 (20.5) | 70 (17.8) | .670 |
| No | 355 (82.0) | 83 (83.0) | 272 (81.7) | 43 (81.1) | 312(82.11) | 31 (79.5) | 324 (82.2) | |||
| In a long-term relationship (n = 417) | ||||||||||
| Yes | 203 (48.7) | 49 (50.5) | 154 (48.1) | .68 | 19 (36.5) | 184 (50.4) | .061* | 19 (50.0) | 184 (48.6) | .865 |
| No | 214 (51.3) | 48 (49.5) | 166(51.88) | 33 (63.5) | 181 (49.6) | 19 (50.0) | 195 (51.5) | |||
| In a monogamous relationship | ||||||||||
| Yes | 79 (18.2) | 14 (14.0) | 65 (19.5) | .21 | 8 (15.1) | 71 (18.7) | .526 | 6 (15.4) | 73 (18.5) | .628 |
| No | 554 (81.8) | 86 (86.0) | 268 (80.5) | 45 (84.9) | 309 (81.3) | 33 (84.6) | 321 (81.5) | |||
| Experienced intimate partner violence (n = 430) | ||||||||||
| Yes | 242 (56.3) | 66 (66.7) | 176 (53.2) | .018* | 40 (75.5) | 202 (53.6) | .003* | 33 (84.6) | 209 (53.5) | < .001* |
| No | 188 (43.7) | 33 (33.3) | 155 (46.8) | 13 (24.5) | 175 (46.4) | 6 (15.4) | 182 (46.6) | |||
| Depression symptoms (CESD-10; n = 421) | ||||||||||
| Yes | 242 (57.5) | 57 (56.9) | 185 (56.9) | .669 | 32 (61.5) | 210 (56.9) | .527 | 23 (59.0) | 219 (57.3) | .843 |
| No | 179 (42.5) | 39 (40.6) | 140 (43.1) | 20 (38.5) | 159 (43.1) | 16(41.0) | 163 (42.7) | |||
| Out to friends or family (n = 429) | ||||||||||
| Half or all | 80 (18.7) | 28 (28.0) | 52(15.8) | .006* | 18 (34.0) | 62(16.5) | .002* | 15 (38.5) | 65 (16.7) | .001* |
| Less than half | 349 (81.4) | 72 (72.0) | 277 (84.2) | 35 (66.0) | 314 (83.5) | 24(61.5) | 325 (83.3) | |||
| Received an HIV test in the past 12 months (n = 416) | ||||||||||
| Yes | 243 (58.4) | 61 (66.3) | 182 (56.2) | .082f | 33 (67.4) | 210 (57.2) | .177 | 26 (74.3) | 217(57.0) | 0.047* |
| No | 173 (41.6) | 31 (33.7) | 142 (43.8) | 16 (32.7) | 157 (42.8) | 9 (25.7) | 164 (43.0) | |||
| HIV positive (n = 428) | ||||||||||
| Yes | 9 (2.1) | 5 (5.2) | 4(1.2) | .017* | 3 (5.7) | 6(1.6) | .054f | 3 (7.7) | 6(1.5) | .011* |
| No | 419 (97.9) | 92 (94.9) | 327 (98.8) | 50 (94.3) | 369 (98.4) | 36 (92.3) | 383 (98.5) | |||
| HIV status unknown (n =428) | ||||||||||
| Yes | 96 (22.4) | 17(17.5) | 79 (23.9) | .188 | 15 (28.3) | 81 (21.6) | .274 | 9 (23.1) | 87 (22.4) | .919 |
| No | 332 (77.6) | 80 (82.5) | 252 (76.1) | 38 (71.7) | 294 (78.4) | 30 (22.4) | 302 (77.6) | |||
| Diagnosed with an STI in the past 12 months | ||||||||||
| Yes | 11 (2.6) | 7 (7.1) | 4(1.2) | .004* | 3 (5.7) | 8 (2.1) | .124 | 3 (7.7) | 8 (2.0) | .068† |
| No | 421 (97.5) | 92 (92.9) | 329 (98.8) | 50 (94.3) | 371 (97.9) | 36 (92.3) | 385 (98.0) | |||
| Total number of partners in the past 3 months (Censoreda) mean (SD) n = 427 | 6.47 (8.27) | 9.59 (11.82) | 5.52 (6.59) | < .001** | 9.38 (11.4) | 6.05 (1.7) | .006* | 11.18 (12.7) | 5.99 (7.54) | .0002* |
| Condomless anal sex with a male partner | ||||||||||
| Yes | 80 (18.5) | 24 (24.0) | 56(16.8) | .105 | 17(32.1) | 63 (16.6) | .006* | 12(30.8) | 68 (17.3) | .038* |
| No | 353 (81.5) | 76 (76.0) | 277 (83.2) | 36 (67.9) | 317(83.4) | 27 (69.2) | 326 (82.7) | |||
| Engaged in transactional sex | ||||||||||
| Yes | 49 (11.3) | 14 (14.0) | 35 (10.5) | .334 | 9 (17.0) | 40 (10.5) | .165 | 8 (20.5) | 41 (10.4) | .057* |
| No | 384 (88.7) | 86 (86.0) | 298 (89.5) | 44 (83.0) | 340 (89.5) | 31 (79.5) | 353 (89.6) | |||
Note.
†
Significant < .10.
*
Significant < .05.
**
Significant < .001.
a
Excludes those who reported more than two standard deviations.