Table 5. Effectiveness of osteopathic care related to the outcome ‘functional status’.
| Study | Treatment protocol | treatment effect | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OT worse than controls | non-significant improvement OT | signif. improvement OT/no signif. between-group difference | significant between-group difference | ||
| EUROPEAN STUDIES | |||||
| Peters (2006) | custom | x | |||
| Heinze (2006) | custom | x | |||
| Recknagel (2008) | custom | x | |||
| Schwerla (2015) | custom | x | |||
| Belz (2015) | custom | x | |||
| UK BEAM (2004) | semi-standardized | x | |||
| Chown (2008) | semi-standardized | x | |||
| Vismara (2012) | semi-standardized | x | |||
| US STUDIES | |||||
| Andersson (1999) | custom | x | |||
| Licciardone (2003) | custom | x | |||
| Cruser (2012) | semi-standardized | x | |||
| Licciardone (2013b) | semi-standardized | x | |||
| Hensel (2015) | semi-standardized | OT vs. PUT | OT vs. UOC | ||
| Licciardone (2016) | semi-standardized | x | |||
| Licciardone (2010) | standardized | x | |||
OT, osteopathic treatment; PUT, placebo ultrasound treatment; UOC, usual obstetrical care