Table 3. The effect of behavioral intervention regarding SLT and BQ use perceptions: Pre and post observation using GEE.

		CONTROL	INTERVENTION	β (95% CI)	p-value
Characteristic Behaviors
		Mean (95% CI)	Mean (95% CI)
Knowledge score
	Pre	5.23 (5.15,5.30)	5.14 (5.06,5.21)	(a) Ref.
	Post	5.70 (5.65,5.74)	5.79 (5.75,5.82)	0.476 (0.410,0.543)	<0.001
	Interaction (TimexCondition)
		InterventionxPost		0.176 (0.078,0.274)	<0.001
	Cohen's d (95% CI)	0.46 (0.37,0.56)	0.63 (0.55,0.72)
Perception scores regarding use
	Pre	2.45 (2.40,2.49)	2.51 (2.47,2.54)	(b) Ref.
	Post	2.57 (2.53,2.60)	2.78 (2.75,2.80)	0.132 (0.096,0.168)	<0.001
	Interaction (TimexCondition)
		InterventionxPost		0.141 (0.090,0.192)	<0.001
	Cohen's d (95% CI)	0.19 (0.10,0.28)	0.47 (0.39,0.56)
Perception scores regarding quitting
	Pre	3.67 (3.62,3.71)	3.65 (3.60,3.69)	(c) Ref.
	Post	3.81 (3.77,3.84)	3.87 (3.84,3.89)	0.143 (0.102,0.185)	<0.001
	Interaction (TimexCondition)
		InterventionxPost		0.067 (0.006,0.129)	0.031
	Cohen's d (95% CI)	0.21 (0.12,0.30)	0.33 (0.24,0.41)

SLT: smokeless tobacco, BQ: betel quid.

GEE: generalized estimating equation, β: Beta coefficient, CI: confidence intervals.

(a): Adjusted model for knowledge score regarding the ill effects of SLT and/or BQ with the following variables: age, gender, school type and weekly pocket money.

(b): Adjusted model for perception score regarding SLT and/or BQ use with the following variables: age, gender, school type and weekly pocket money.

(c): Adjusted model for perception score regarding quitting the use of SLT and/or BQ with the following variables: age, gender, school type and weekly pocket money.

Interventionxpost–after 12 weeks in intervention group.

Timexcondition—time–post 12 week of intervention and condition–intervention group.