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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 24.
Published in final edited form as: Lab Invest. 2018 Aug 24;98(11):1465–1477. doi: 10.1038/s41374-018-0101-0

Figure 11.

Figure 11

Working model depicting a summary of the findings. Mdr2−/− mice fed BAC have upregulated mast cell number, HDC/HA/HR axis, biliary hyperplasia, HSC activation, fibrosis, inflammation and serum TBAs. These parameters are all reduced in Mdr2−/− mice fed UDCA. Further, patients treated with UDCA have decreased mast cell number, inhibited HA/HR axis, HSC activation and fibrosis and inflammation compared to placebo-treated patients. Finally, in vitro, UDCA acts on mast cells to decrease biliary proliferation and HSC activation.