Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics (mean ± standard deviation)
| Characteristic | PTSD (n = 12) | Healthy (n = 12) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 38.9 ± 11.9 | 39.6 ± 10.2 |
| Gender (M/F) | 5/7 | 6/6 |
| Education (year) | 14.9 ± 1.6 | 15.0 ± 2.4 |
| CAPS (score; range 0–136)*** | 76.5 ± 13.5 | 0.8 ± 2.6 |
| BDI-2 (score; range 0–63)*** | 19.7 ± 10.8 | 1.2 ± 1.5 |
| Temperament and character inventory (score) | ||
| Novelty seeking (range 0–40) | 19.0 ± 6.3 | 16.3 ± 3.5 |
| Harm avoidance** (range 0–35) | 20.5 ± 8.4 | 10.6 ± 4.9 |
| Reward dependence (range 0–24) | 14.4 ± 3.7 | 17.3 ± 3.4 |
| Persistence (range 0–8) | 6.3 ± 1.1 | 5.4 ± 1.8 |
| Self-directedness** (range 0–44) | 28.3 ± 7.7 | 37.3 ± 4.7 |
| Cooperativeness (range 0–42) | 30.8 ± 8.6 | 37.6 ± 3.1 |
| Self-transcendence* (range 0–33) | 16.6 ± 6.6 | 11.3 ± 5.9 |
| Self-ratings | ||
| Quantitative sensory testing (threshold) | ||
| Heat (°C) | 44.2 ± 5.3 | 46.4 ± 3.9 |
| Cold (°C) | 11.9 ± 11.6 | 7.3 ± 6.8 |
| 46 °C unpleasantness (mm; range 0–10) | 5.3 ± 4.0 | 6.3 ± 2.4 |
| 44 °C unpleasantness (mm; range 0–10) | 3.2 ± 3.0 | 4.1 ± 2.1 |
| IAPS pleasantness (mm; range 0–10)* | 6.1 ± 1.3 | 7.2 ± 1.0 |
| IAPS unpleasantness (mm; range 0–10) | 2.2 ± 1.6 | 2.3 ± 1.1 |
CAPS Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, BDI-2 Beck Depression Inventory-II, IAPS International Affective Picture System
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (t-tests, independent by groups)
Significant group differences are bolded