Fig. 8.

Human brain CD4⁺ CD69⁺ T cells are enriched for core phenotypic T_RM-cell markers. a, b, d Quantification of CD69 and CD103 (co-)expression. p-values show Mann–Whitney U test. c Representative dot plot of CD4, CD8, and CD103 staining of brain CD3⁺ CD69⁺ T cells. d Co-expression of CD69 and CD103. The dominant phenotype was CD69⁻CD103⁻ in blood and CD69⁺CD103⁻ in brain. e–l Quantification of CD4⁺ T-cell expression levels of CD49a, CD49d, PD-1, CTLA-4, CXCR6, CCR5, CXCR3, and CX₃CR1 (GMFI, geometric mean fluorescence intensity). p-values show the Wilcoxon signed ranks test