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. 2018 Nov 2;8:16277. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34460-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Comparison of DA release evoked by shock stimuli (10 V, 100 ms) recorded in 2 to 3-day old workers versus pollen foragers. (A) Maximum DA release (mean + SEM). (B) Clearance rate (mean + SEM). Treatment of young bees with 100 µM HVA had no significant effect on DA release in MBs of the brain. DA release in young bees was similar to that observed in pollen foragers. Data presented in this figure represent 109 measurements from 3 groups of 10 bees.