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. 2018 Nov 2;8:16273. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34591-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Anthocyanin biosynthesis analysis of Col-0, and lines 111 and 412. (a) Schematic diagram of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway modified based on Viola et al.⁴¹. Genes up- and downregulated in the pathway are shaded in red and green, respectively. (b) Transcript levels of structural genes early biosynthesis genes, chalcone synthase, CHS, chalcone isomerase, CHI, flavanone 3-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase, F3H, and late biosynthesis genes dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, F3′H, leucoanthocyanidin oxygenase, DFR, anthocyanidin reductase, ANS, and UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase, UF3GT, and regulatory genes (TTG1, PAP1, PAP2, MYB113, MYB114, GL3, and EGL3) involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis detected by quantitative RT-qPCR using total RNA extracted from 6-week-old Col-0, line 111 and line 412. The p-value of each gene did in this test was listed in the Table S2. (c) Anthocyanin contents in 8-week-old seedlings of Col-0, 111 and 412. Mean ± SD of n = 3 independent experiments. **P < 0.01.