3D |
Three-dimensional |
2D |
Two-dimensional |
ECs |
Endothelial cells |
PDMS |
Polydimethylsiloxane |
HUVECs |
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells |
PEG |
Polyethylene glycol |
SMCs |
Smooth muscle cells |
ECM |
Extracellular matrix |
EPCs |
Endothelial progenitor cells |
ECFC-ECs |
Endothelial colony forming cell-derived endothelial cells |
NHLF |
Normal human lung fibroblast |
VEGF |
Vascular endothelial growth factor |
bFGF |
Basic fibroblast growth factor |
MMPs |
Metalloproteinases |
DAPI |
4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole |
FITC |
Fluorescein isothiocyanate |
NO |
Nitric oxide |
Ang-1 |
Angiopoietin 1 |
TGF-β1 |
Transforming growth factor beta 1 |
HIF |
Hypoxia inducible factor |
iPSCs |
Induced pluripotent stem cells |
MSCs |
Mesenchymal stem cells |
hESCs |
Human embryonic stem cells |
BBB |
Blood-brain barrier |
PECAM-1 |
Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 |
VE |
Vascular endothelial |
BSA |
Bovine serum albumin |
TEER |
Transendothelial electrical resistance |
TNF-α |
Tumor necrosis factor alpha |
CTCs |
Circulating tumor cells |
TME |
Tumor microenvironment |