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. 2018 Oct 4;9(10):503. doi: 10.3390/mi9100503

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) The Raman shift observed for PVDF at pristine and after applying 10⁷ tensile and compressive stress. (b) The average intensity ratio (I_α/I_β) with the standard deviation plotted as the error bars.