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. 2018 Oct 11;10(10):410. doi: 10.3390/toxins10100410

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The persistent ROS production induced by transient exposure to urea was reversed by both MnTBAP and GKT13781. ROS levels in HAEC exposed to 20 mM Urea (HU) for 48 h , and to 20 mM urea for 48 h followed by two days of subsequent incubation in media without urea (NU) ± MnTBAP or GKT13781. ROS levels were measured by CM-H2DCFDA. Data are the mean ± S.E. from five independent experiments. * p < 0.05 compared to cells treated in the same conditions but not exposed to urea, # p < 0.05 cells not treated with the inhibitors compared to cells treated with MnTBAP, § p < 0.05 cells not treated with the inhibitors compared to cells treated with GKT13781.

Inline graphic — The persistent ROS production induced by transient exposure to urea was reversed by both MnTBAP and GKT13781. ROS levels in HAEC exposed to 20 mM Urea (HU) for 48 h , and to 20 mM urea for 48 h followed by two days of subsequent incubation in media without urea (NU) ± MnTBAP or GKT13781. ROS levels were measured by CM-H2DCFDA. Data are the mean ± S.E. from five independent experiments. * p < 0.05 compared to cells treated in the same conditions but not exposed to urea, # p < 0.05 cells not treated with the inhibitors compared to cells treated with MnTBAP, § p < 0.05 cells not treated with the inhibitors compared to cells treated with GKT13781.