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. 2018 Oct 11;10(10):410. doi: 10.3390/toxins10100410

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Transient exposure to 20 mM urea causes a persistent reduction in transcription of mitochondrial fusion and increase in fission proteins that lasts two days in the absence of urea. mRNA expression was evaluated by Real time PCR: (A) Fis1; (B) Mfn1; (C) Mfn2; and (D) OPA1. Data are the mean ± S.E. from five independent experiments. * p < 0.05 compared to cells treated in the same conditions but not exposed to urea, $ p < 0.05 cells transfected with the empty vector compared to cells over expressing MnSOD.