Table 3.
Presenting results from univariate model (adjusted for age and gender). Odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and p-value (p) for reporting CWP in the 5-year and 18-year follow-up respectively. Number of individuals per category of exposure at baseline are presented as N for the 5-year follow-up and 18-year follow-up respectively
| N | CWP 5-year OR (95% CI) | p | N | CWP 18-year OR (95% CI) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 586 | 1 | 345 | 1 | ||
| Female | 663 | 1.44 (0.92–2.24) | .107 | 446 | 1.77 (1.14–2.75) | .011 |
| Initiating sleepa | ||||||
| No problem | 1003 | 1 | 650 | 1 | ||
| Problem | 232 | 2.82 (1.77–4.50) | < .001 | 135 | 2.49 (1.55–4.00) | < .001 |
| Maintaining sleepa | ||||||
| No problem | 852 | 1 | 552 | 1 | ||
| Problem | 376 | 2.53 (1.61–3.98) | < .001 | 233 | 2.74 (1.75–4.28) | < .001 |
| Early awakeninga | ||||||
| No problem | 958 | 1 | 626 | 1 | ||
| Problem | 265 | 2.83 (1.79–4.46) | < .001 | 156 | 1.97 (1.23–3.15) | .005 |
| Non-restorativea | ||||||
| No problem | 898 | 1 | 581 | 1 | ||
| Problem | 327 | 3.15 (2.02–4.92) | < .001 | 204 | 2.62 (1.70–4.04) | < .001 |
| Fatigueb | ||||||
| Low | 469 | 1 | 312 | 1 | ||
| Intermediate | 376 | 1.99 (1.00–3.99) | .051 | 256 | 1.20 (0.68–2.11) | .533 |
| High | 399 | 4.93 (2.69–9.05) | < .001 | 223 | 2.96 (1.78–4.92) | < .001 |
| Pain regions | ||||||
| 0 | 904 | 1 | 571 | 1 | ||
| 1–2 | 167 | 1.61 (0.78–3.32) | .202 | 113 | 3.03 (1.72–5.31) | < .001 |
| 3–5 | 146 | 7.40 (4.40–12.42) | < .001 | 89 | 5.33 (3.05–9.31) | < .001 |
| 6–11 | 32 | 12.40 (5.50–28.02) | < .001 | 18 | 13.38 (4.99–35.89) | < .001 |
| Mental healthc | ||||||
| Good | 365 | 1 | 234 | 1 | ||
| Intermediate | 487 | 1.89 (0.96–3.73) | .065 | 326 | 1.37 (0.77–2.45) | .288 |
| Poor | 388 | 3.87 (2.05–7.34) | <.001 | 229 | 2.70 (1.53–4.75) | .001 |
| Socio economyd | ||||||
| High non manual | 384 | 1 | 285 | 1 | ||
| Ass non manual | 178 | 1.98 (0.93–5.21) | .076 | 107 | 1.17 (0.59–2.96) | .660 |
| Manual | 537 | 2.74 (1.51–4.94) | .001 | 321 | 1.45 (0.89–2.36) | .136 |
| Others | 150 | 1.45 (0.61–3.55) | .395 | 78 | 1.25 (0.58–2.68) | .574 |
aProblem = [Moderate problems - very severe problems]; No Problems = [no problems - minor problems]. b Based on scorings on SF-36 vitality scale [Low = 85–100; Intermediate = 70–84; High = 0–69]
cBased on scorings on SF-36 Mental Health scale [Good = 93–100; Intermediate = 84–92; Poor = 0–83]; d Classified by occupation – intermediate/higher non-manual employees, Assistant non-manual employees, Manual workers and “others”