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. 2018 Oct 25;11(10):dmm034611. doi: 10.1242/dmm.034611

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© 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Fig. 1. — Abdominal wall closure defects in Six4^−/−;Six5^+/− and Six4^−/−;Six5^−/− fetuses. (A-L′) Ventral (A-L) and left side (A′-L′) views of the umbilical region in wild-type (A,A′), Six4^+/− (B,B′), Six5^+/− (C,C′), Six4^+/−;Six5^+/− (D,D′), Six4^−/− (E,E′), Six4^−/−;Six5^+/− (F-H′), Six5^−/− (I,I′), Six4^+/−;Six5^−/− (J,J′) and Six4^−/−;Six5^−/− fetuses (K-L′) at E18.5. White arrowheads indicate the positions of the anterior and posterior margin of the umbilical ring (UR). Most wild-type and Six4^−/− fetuses exhibit normal fusion of the vitelline (green arrowheads) and umbilical vessels (magenta arrowheads) in the umbilical cord (UC) (A,A′,E,E′). Six4^−/−;Six5^+/− fetuses show anteriorly enlarged UR (F-H), and fetuses with small or large omphaloceles (omp) have separated vitelline and umbilical vessels (G′,H′). All Six5^−/− fetuses have normal UC and UR (I,I′). A small number of Six4^+/−;Six5^−/− fetuses have separated vitelline and umbilical vessels (J′), as well as enlarged UR (J). All Six4^−/−;Six5^−/− fetuses exhibit omphalocele with protrusion of the liver and/or intestine (K-L′). Their vitelline and umbilical vessel do not fuse (K′,L′). The outer genital organ forms normally in Six4^−/−;Six5^+/− and Six4^−/−;Six5^−/− fetuses (black arrowhead in F-H,K,L). I, intestine; L, liver. Scale bars: 2 mm in D,H,L; 1 mm in D′,H′,L′.