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. 2018 Oct 31;6:e5778. doi: 10.7717/peerj.5778

Table 1. The specimens investigated.

Higher-order taxonomy Species Specimen number* Element CT scan settings Study Image processing protocol
Machine Peak tube voltage (kV) Tube current (mA) Exposure time (ms) In-plane pixel resolution (mm) Slice thickness (mm)
Mammalia, Hominidae Homo sapiens GU S-0013 Femurp Stratec XCT 3000 61.3 0.203 100,000 0.161 0.1 This study 3
Mammalia, Hominidae Homo sapiens GU S-0013 Femurd Stratec XCT 3000 61.3 0.203 100,000 0.137 0.1 This study 3
Mammalia, Hominidae Homo sapiens GU S-0013 Tibiap Stratec XCT 3000 61.3 0.203 100,000 0.137 0.1 This study 3
Mammalia, Hominidae Homo sapiens GU S-0013 Tibiad Stratec XCT 3000 61.3 0.203 100,000 0.137 0.1 This study 3
Mammalia, Hominidae Homo sapiens GU S-0013 Tibias Stratec XCT 3000 61.3 0.203 100,000 0.137 0.1 This study 3
Mammalia, Hominidae Homo sapiens GU S-0013 Fibulap Stratec XCT 3000 61.3 0.203 100,000 0.137 0.1 This study 3
Mammalia, Hominidae Homo sapiens GU S-0013 Fibulad Stratec XCT 3000 61.3 0.203 100,000 0.137 0.1 This study 3
Sauria, Squamata Varanus komodoensis AM R.106933 Femur Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Sauria, Squamata Varanus komodoensis AM R.106933 Tibia Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Sauria, Squamata Varanus komodoensis AM R.106933 Fibula Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Sauria, Squamata Varanus spenceri QMJ 84416 Femur Siemens Inveon 80 0.5 900 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Sauria, Squamata Varanus spenceri QMJ 84416 Tibia Siemens Inveon 80 0.5 900 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Sauria, Squamata Varanus spenceri QMJ 84416 Fibula Siemens Inveon 80 0.5 900 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Sauria, Squamata Varanus panoptes QMJ 91981 Femur Siemens Inveon 80 0.5 900 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Sauria, Squamata Varanus panoptes QMJ 91981 Tibia Siemens Inveon 80 0.5 900 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Sauria, Squamata Varanus panoptes QMJ 91981 Fibula Siemens Inveon 80 0.5 900 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Archosauria, Crocodylia Crocodylus johnstoni QMJ 47916 Femur Siemens Inveon 80 0.5 900 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Archosauria, Crocodylia Crocodylus johnstoni QMJ 47916 Tibia Siemens Inveon 80 0.5 900 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Archosauria, Crocodylia Crocodylus johnstoni QMJ 47916 Fibula Siemens Inveon 80 0.5 900 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Archosauria, Crocodylia Crocodylus porosus QMJ 48127 Femur Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Archosauria, Crocodylia Crocodylus porosus QMJ 48127 Tibia Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Archosauria, Crocodylia Crocodylus porosus QMJ 48127 Fibula Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Non-avian theropod, Ceratosauria Ceratosaurus nasicornis UMNH VP 5278 Tibia + astragalus + calcaneum Siemens Somatom Definition Flash 80, 140 480 500 0.504 0.5 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Ceratosauria Masiakasaurus knopfleri FMNH PR 2117 Femur GE Lightspeed 16 100 70 1,297 0.1875 1 Farke & Alicea (2009) 2
Non-avian theropod, Ceratosauria Masiakasaurus knopfleri FMNH PR 2153 Femur GE Lightspeed 16 100 100 2,101 0.1875 1.338 Farke & Alicea (2009) 2
Non-avian theropod, Ceratosauria Masiakasaurus knopfleri FMNH PR 2208 Femur GE Lightspeed 16 100 70 1,297 0.1875 1 Farke & Alicea (2009) 2
Non-avian theropod, Ceratosauria Masiakasaurus knopfleri UA 8684 Femur GE Lightspeed 16 100 70 1,297 0.1875 1 Farke & Alicea (2009) 2
Non-avian theropod, Allosauroidea Allosaurus sp. MOR 693 Femora × 2 Toshiba Aquilion 64 135 250 750 0.625 0.5 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Allosauroidea Allosaurus sp. MOR 693 Tibiae × 2 Toshiba Aquilion 64 135 300 750 0.468 0.4 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Allosauroidea Allosaurus sp. MOR 693 Fibulae × 2 Toshiba Aquilion 64 135 250 750 0.625 0.5 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Allosauroidea Allosaurus sp. MOR 693 Astragalus Toshiba Aquilion 64 135 250 750 0.625 0.5 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Allosauroidea Allosaurus sp. MOR 693 Calcaneum Toshiba Aquilion 64 135 250 750 0.625 0.5 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Allosauroidea Allosaurus fragilis DNM 2560 Femur Siemens Somatom Definition Flash 80, 140 315 500 0.549 0.5 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Allosauroidea Allosaurus fragilis DNM 2560 Tibia + astragalus + calcaneum Siemens Somatom Definition Flash 80, 140 360 500 0.637 0.5 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Allosauroidea Allosaurus fragilis UMNH VP 7884 Femur Siemens Somatom Definition Flash 80, 140 630 500 0.529 0.5 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Allosauroidea Allosaurus fragilis UMNH VP 7885 Femur Siemens Somatom Definition Flash 80, 140 225 500 0.387 0.5 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Allosauroidea Allosaurus fragilis UMNH VP 7889 Femurp Siemens Somatom Definition Flash 80, 140 630 500 0.523 0.5 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Allosauroidea Allosaurus fragilis UMNH VP 7928 Tibia Siemens Somatom Definition Flash 80, 140 630 500 0.355 0.5 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Allosauroidea Allosaurus fragilis UMNH VP 9480 Femur Siemens Somatom Definition Flash 80, 140 80 500 0.217 0.5 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Allosauroidea Allosaurus fragilis UMNH VP 20363 Femur Siemens Somatom Definition Flash 80, 140 315 500 0.664 0.5 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Allosauroidea Allosaurus fragilis UMNH VP 24326 Tibiap Siemens Somatom Definition Flash 80, 140 200 500 0.459 0.5 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Tyrannosauridae Tyrannosaurus rex MOR 009 Femurp Toshiba Aquilion 64 135 500 500 0.782 0.4 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Tyrannosauridae Tyrannosaurus rex MOR 1125 Femur Toshiba Aquilion 64 135 350 500 1.178 0.5 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Tyrannosauridae Tyrannosaurus rex MOR 1125 Tibia Toshiba Aquilion 64 135 350 500 0.976 0.5 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Tyrannosauridae Tyrannosaurus rex MOR 1125 Fibulae × 2 Toshiba Aquilion 64 135 350 500 0.873 0.8 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Tyrannosauridae Tyrannosaurus rex MOR 1128 Femur Toshiba Aquilion 64 135 350 500 0.976 2 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Tyrannosauridae Tyrannosaurus rex MOR 1128 Tibiad Toshiba Aquilion 64 135 350 500 0.961 0.5 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Tyrannosauridae Tyrannosauridae indet. MOR 1192 Fibula Toshiba Aquilion 64 135 150 1,000 0.976 2 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Tyrannosauridae Gorgosaurus libratus TMP 1994.012.0602 Femur GE Lightspeed Ultra 120 160 1,195 0.723 1.25 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Tyrannosauridae Gorgosaurus libratus TMP 1994.012.0602 Tibia + astragalus + calcaneum GE Lightspeed Ultra 140 150 1,195 0.703 1.25 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Tyrannosauridae Daspletosaurus torosus TMP 2001.036.0001 Femur GE Lightspeed Ultra 140 150 1,195 0.838 1.25 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Tyrannosauridae Daspletosaurus torosus TMP 2001.036.0001 Tibia GE Lightspeed Ultra 120 245 1,195 0.832 1.25 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Tyrannosauridae Daspletosaurus torosus TMP 2001.036.0001 Fibula GE Lightspeed Ultra 120 245 1,195 0.832 1.25 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Tyrannosauridae Daspletosaurus torosus TMP 2001.036.0001 Astragalus GE Lightspeed Ultra 140 155 1,195 0.879 1.25 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Ornithomimidae Ornithomimidae indet. TMP 1985.036.0276 Femurp Siemens Inveon 80 500 825 0.05 0.05 This study 4
Non-avian theropod, Ornithomimidae Ornithomimidae indet. TMP 1991.036.0569 Femur Siemens Inveon 80 250 1,500 0.05 0.05 This study 4
Non-avian theropod, Ornithomimidae Ornithomimidae indet. TMP 1991.036.0854 Femurp GE Lightspeed Ultra 140 150 1,195 0.943 1.25 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Ornithomimidae Ornithomimidae indet. TMP 1992.036.0696 Femurp GE Lightspeed Ultra 140 150 1,195 0.943 1.25 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Ornithomimidae Ornithomimidae indet. TMP 1993.066.0002 Tibiap GE Lightspeed Ultra 140 155 1,195 0.879 1.25 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Ornithomimidae Ornithomimidae indet. TMP 1999.055.0337 Femurd Siemens Inveon 80 250 1,500 0.05 0.05 This study 4
Non-avian theropod, Ornithomimidae Ornithomimidae indet. TMP 2006.012.0065 Fibula GE Lightspeed Ultra 120 185 1,195 0.738 1.25 This study 5
Non-avian theropod, Therizinosauria Falcarius utahensis UMNH VP 12360 Femurd Siemens Inveon 80 250 1,600 0.05 0.05 This study 4
Non-avian theropod, Therizinosauria Falcarius utahensis UMNH VP 12361 Femurp Siemens Inveon 80 250 1,700 0.05 0.05 This study 4
Non-avian theropod, Caenagnathidae Caenagnathidae indet. TMP 1986.036.0323 Femur Siemens Inveon 80 250 1,600 0.05 0.05 This study 4
Non-avian theropod, Dromaeosauridae Saurornitholestes langstoni MOR 660 Tibiae × 2 Siemens Inveon 80 250 1,600 0.05 0.05 This study 4
Non-avian theropod, Troodontidae Troodontidae sp. MOR 553s-7.11.91.41 Tibia Siemens Inveon 80 200 1,900 0.04 0.04 This study 4
Non-avian theropod, Troodontidae Troodontidae sp. MOR 553s-7.28.91.239 Femur Siemens Inveon 80 200 1,800 0.04 0.04 This study 4
Non-avian theropod, Troodontidae Troodontidae sp. MOR 553s-8.17.92.265 Fibula Siemens Inveon 80 250 1,600 0.04 0.04 This study 4
Non-avian theropod, Troodontidae Troodontidae sp. MOR 748 Femur Siemens Inveon 80 200 1,900 0.04 0.04 This study 4
Non-avian theropod, Troodontidae Troodontidae sp. MOR 748 Tibia + astragalus + calcaneum Siemens Inveon 80 200 1,900 0.04 0.04 This study 4
Aves, Struthioniformes Struthio camelus MV R.2385 Femur GE BrightSpeed 120 55 1,681 0.488 0.3 This study 2
Aves, Struthioniformes Struthio camelus MV R.2385 Tibiotarsus Siemens Somatom Definition AS+ 120 199 1,000 0.363 0.4 This study 2
Aves, Struthioniformes Struthio camelus MV R.2385 Fibula GE BrightSpeed 120 55 1,681 0.488 0.3 This study 2
Aves, Struthioniformes Struthio camelus MV R.2711 Femur GE BrightSpeed 120 55 1,681 0.488 0.3 This study 2
Aves, Struthioniformes Struthio camelus MV R.2711 Tibiotarsus GE BrightSpeed 120 55 1,681 0.488 0.3 This study 2
Aves, Struthioniformes Struthio camelus MV R.2711 Fibula GE BrightSpeed 120 55 1,681 0.488 0.3 This study 2
Aves, Struthioniformes Struthio camelus YPM 2124 Femur GE Lightspeed 16 100 70 1,297 0.311 1.25 Farke & Alicea (2009) None**
Aves, Struthioniformes Struthio camelus RVC Ostrich 2 Femur Picker PQ5000 120 200 1,000 0.391 2 Doube et al. (2012) 2
Aves, Struthioniformes Struthio camelus RVC Ostrich 2 Tibiotarsus Picker PQ5000 120 200 1,000 0.313 4 Doube et al. (2012) 2
Aves, Struthioniformes Struthio camelus RVC Ostrich 2 Fibula Picker PQ5000 120 200 1,000 0.313 4 Doube et al. (2012) 2
Aves, Struthioniformes Struthio camelus RVC-JRH-OST 1 Femur GE LightSpeed Pro 16 120 200 800 0.273 0.625 This study 2
Aves, Struthioniformes Struthio camelus RVC-JRH-OST 1 Tibiotarsus GE LightSpeed Pro 16 120 200 800 0.369 1.25 This study 2
Aves, Struthioniformes Struthio camelus RVC-JRH-OST 1 Fibula GE LightSpeed Pro 16 120 200 800 0.369 1.25 This study 2
Aves, Rheiformes Rhea americana QMO 23517 Femur GE BrightSpeed 120 80 1,584 0.488 0.3 This study 2
Aves, Rheiformes Rhea americana QMO 23517 Tibiotarsus GE BrightSpeed 120 80 1,584 0.488 0.3 This study 2
Aves, Rheiformes Rhea americana QMO 23517 Fibula GE BrightSpeed 120 80 1,584 0.488 0.3 This study 2
Aves, Tinamiformes Crypturellus soui MVB 23647 Femur Siemens Inveon 80 0.35 1400 0.035 0.035 This study 1
Aves, Tinamiformes Crypturellus soui MVB 23647 Tibiotarsus Siemens Inveon 80 0.35 1,400 0.035 0.035 This study 1
Aves, Tinamiformes Crypturellus soui MVB 23647 Fibula Siemens Inveon 80 0.35 1,400 0.035 0.035 This study 1
Aves, Tinamiformes Eudromia elegans UMZC 404.e Femur Nikon HMX ST 225 0.034 0.034 Doube et al. (2012) 1
Aves, Tinamiformes Eudromia elegans UMZC 404.e Tibiotarsus Nikon HMX ST 225 0.047 0.047 Doube et al. (2012) 1
Aves, Tinamiformes Eudromia elegans UMZC 404.e Fibula Nikon HMX ST 225 0.047 0.047 Doube et al. (2012) 1
Aves, Apterygiformes Apteryx owenii UMZC 378.iii Femur Nikon HMX ST 225 0.046 0.046 Doube et al. (2012) 1
Aves, Apterygiformes Apteryx owenii UMZC 378.iii Tibiotarsus Nikon HMX ST 225 0.061 0.061 Doube et al. (2012) 1
Aves, Apterygiformes Apteryx owenii UMZC 378.iii Fibula Nikon HMX ST 225 0.061 0.061 Doube et al. (2012) 1
Aves, Apterygiformes Apteryx haastii UMZC 378.p Femur Nikon HMX ST 225 0.044 0.044 Doube et al. (2012) 1
Aves, Casuariiformes Dromaius novaehollandiae QMO 11685 Femur GE BrightSpeed 120 55 1,681 0.379 0.3 This study 2
Aves, Casuariiformes Dromaius novaehollandiae QMO 11686 Femur GE BrightSpeed 120 80 1,584 0.326 0.3 This study 2
Aves, Casuariiformes Dromaius novaehollandiae QMO 11686 Tibiotarsus GE BrightSpeed 120 55 1,681 0.488 0.3 This study 2
Aves, Casuariiformes Dromaius novaehollandiae QMO 11686 Fibula GE BrightSpeed 120 55 1,681 0.326 0.3 This study 2
Aves, Casuariiformes Dromaius novaehollandiae QMO 16140 Femur GE BrightSpeed 120 55 1,681 0.232 0.3 This study 2
Aves, Casuariiformes Dromaius novaehollandiae QMO 16140 Tibiotarsus GE BrightSpeed 120 55 1,681 0.232 0.3 This study 2
Aves, Casuariiformes Dromaius novaehollandiae QMO 16140 Fibula GE BrightSpeed 120 55 1,681 0.188 0.3 This study 2
Aves, Casuariiformes Casuarius casuarius QMO 30105 Femur GE BrightSpeed 120 55 1,681 0.215 0.3 This study 2
Aves, Casuariiformes Casuarius casuarius QMO 30105 Tibiotarsus GE BrightSpeed 120 55 1,681 0.219 0.3 This study 2
Aves, Casuariiformes Casuarius casuarius QMO 30105 Fibula GE BrightSpeed 120 55 1,681 0.215 0.3 This study 2
Aves, Casuariiformes Casuarius casuarius QMO 30604 Femur GE BrightSpeed 120 80 1,584 0.467 0.3 This study 2
Aves, Casuariiformes Casuarius casuarius QMO 30604 Tibiotarsus GE BrightSpeed 120 80 1,584 0.488 0.3 This study 2
Aves, Casuariiformes Casuarius casuarius QMO 30604 Fibula GE BrightSpeed 120 80 1,584 0.488 0.3 This study 2
Aves, Casuariiformes Casuarius casuarius QMO 31137 Femur GE BrightSpeed 120 55 1,681 0.213 0.3 This study 2
Aves, Casuariiformes Casuarius casuarius QMO 31137 Tibiotarsus GE BrightSpeed 120 80 1,584 0.488 0.3 This study 2
Aves, Casuariiformes Casuarius casuarius QMO 31137 Fibula GE BrightSpeed 120 80 1,584 0.488 0.3 This study 2
Aves, Casuariiformes Dromaius novaehollandiae YPM 2128 Femur GE Lightspeed 16 100 70 1,297 0.188 0.5 Farke & Alicea (2009) None**
Aves, Galliformes Alectura lathami PJB Femur Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Galliformes Alectura lathami PJB Tibiotarsus Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Galliformes Alectura lathami PJB Fibula Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Galliformes Leipoa ocellata MVB 20194 Femur Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Galliformes Leipoa ocellata MVB 20194 Tibiotarsus Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Galliformes Leipoa ocellata MVB 20194 Fibula Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Galliformes Numida meleagris PJB Femur Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Galliformes Numida meleagris PJB Tibiotarsus Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Galliformes Numida meleagris PJB Fibula Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Galliformes Colinus virginianus PJB Femur Siemens Inveon 80 0.35 1,400 0.035 0.035 This study 1
Aves, Galliformes Colinus virginianus PJB Tibiotarsus Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Galliformes Colinus virginianus PJB Fibula Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Galliformes Coturnix chinensis PJB Femur Siemens Inveon 80 0.35 1,400 0.035 0.035 This study 1
Aves, Galliformes Coturnix chinensis PJB Tibiotarsus Siemens Inveon 80 0.35 1,400 0.035 0.035 This study 1
Aves, Galliformes Coturnix chinensis PJB Fibula Siemens Inveon 80 0.35 1,400 0.035 0.035 This study 1
Aves, Galliformes Coturnix japonica PJB Femur Siemens Inveon 80 0.35 1,400 0.035 0.035 This study 1
Aves, Galliformes Coturnix japonica PJB Tibiotarsus Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Galliformes Coturnix japonica PJB Fibula Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Galliformes Gallus gallus PJB Femur Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Galliformes Gallus gallus PJB Tibiotarsus Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Galliformes Gallus gallus PJB Fibula Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Galliformes Gallus gallus PJB Femur Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1 (for head only)
Aves, Galliformes Meleagris gallopavo PJB Femur Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Galliformes Meleagris gallopavo PJB Tibiotarsus Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Galliformes Meleagris gallopavo PJB Fibula Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Galliformes Meleagris gallopavo RVC turkey 1 Tibiotarsus Nikon HMX ST 225 0.122 0.122 Doube et al. (2012) 1
Aves, Galliformes Meleagris gallopavo RVC turkey 1 Fibula Nikon HMX ST 225 0.122 0.122 Doube et al. (2012) 1
Aves, Galliformes Meleagris gallopavo YPM 2113 Femur GE Lightspeed 16 100 70 1,297 0.188 0.5 Farke & Alicea (2009) None**
Aves, Galliformes Argusianus argus YPM 2100 Femur GE Lightspeed 16 100 70 1,297 0.188 0.5 Farke & Alicea (2009) None**
Aves, Anseriformes Anseranus semipalmata QMO 29529 Femur Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Anseriformes Anseranus semipalmata QMO 29529 Tibiotarsus Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Anseriformes Anseranus semipalmata QMO 29529 Fibula Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Otidiformes Ardeotis australis MVB 20408 Femur Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Otidiformes Ardeotis australis MVB 20408 Tibiotarsus Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Otidiformes Ardeotis australis MVB 20408 Fibula Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Gruiformes Porphyrio porphyrio PJB Femur Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Gruiformes Porphyrio porphyrio PJB Tibiotarsus Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Gruiformes Porphyrio porphyrio PJB Fibula Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Gruiformes Gallinula tenebrosa PJB Femur Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Gruiformes Gallinula tenebrosa PJB Tibiotarsus Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Gruiformes Gallinula tenebrosa PJB Fibula Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Pelecaniformes Threskiornis moluccus PJB Femur Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Pelecaniformes Threskiornis moluccus PJB Tibiotarsus Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Pelecaniformes Threskiornis moluccus PJB Fibula Siemens Inveon 80 0.45 1,000 0.053 0.053 This study 1
Aves, Cuculiformes Geococcyx californianus UMZC 429.p Femur Nikon HMX ST 225 0.032 0.032 Doube et al. (2012) 1
Aves, Cuculiformes Geococcyx californianus UMZC 429.p Tibiotarsus Nikon HMX ST 225 0.049 0.049 Doube et al. (2012) 1
Aves, Cuculiformes Geococcyx californianus UMZC 429.p Fibula Nikon HMX ST 225 0.049 0.049 Doube et al. (2012) 1
Aves, Columbiformes Pezophaps solitaria YPM 1154 Femur GE Lightspeed 16 120 70 1,297 0.188 0.5 Farke & Alicea (2009) None**
Aves, Columbiformes Raphus cucullatus YPM 2064 Femur GE Lightspeed 16 120 70 1,297 0.188 0.5 Farke & Alicea (2009) None**
Aves, Accipitriformes Sagittarius serpentarius YPM 1797 Femur GE Lightspeed 16 100 70 1,297 0.188 0.5 Farke & Alicea (2009) None**
Aves, Accipitriformes Sagittarius serpentarius YPM 14150 Femur GE Lightspeed 16 120 70 1,297 0.188 0.5 Farke & Alicea (2009) None**

Notes:

In addition to providing the higher-level taxonomy of the species studied (cf. Fig. 8), this table also lists the settings used in acquiring the CT scan data for each specimen, as well as the protocol used to process the raw CT images for subsequent analysis.

*

AM R., Australian Museum; DNM, UMNH VP; Natural History Museum of Utah; FMNH PR, Field Museum of Natural History; GU, Griffith University teaching collection; MOR, Museum of the Rockies; MVB, MV R., Museum Victoria; PJB, P.J.B. personal collection (housed within Queensland Museum collections); QMJ, QMO, Queensland Museum; RVC, Royal Veterinary College; TMP, Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology; UA, Université d’Antananarivo; UMZC, Cambridge University Museum of Zoology; YPM, Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History.

**

The scans of these specimens were qualitatively analysed only, and did not require any further processing.

p = proximal end, d = distal end, s = shaft.