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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Nov 3.
Published in final edited form as: Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol. 2018 May 3;7(5):e322. doi: 10.1002/wdev.322

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

Recent technological advances have allowed more in depth study of the NC regulatory levels. Diagram shows the different intracellular control levels that regulate how and when NC cells form and the assays that can be used to perform systems analysis of NC formation. (Left) Depiction of a cell with multiple levels of genetic and proteomic regulation and where in the cell these processes take place (cytoplasm vs. nucleus). Specific types of cellular regulation are identified at three different levels: The general levels of regulation starting from extracellular morphogens that activate intercellular cascades followed by regulation of DNA transcription, mRNA availability, stability and translation, and protein stability, modification and degradation. Column 2 shows the types of analyses used to identify the changes at the previous levels. Finally, specific examples of genes, mRNAs, microRNAs and proteins that are regulated at these levels during NC development with references