Fig. 1.

Formulation process for formation of NALG and NALG-DOX. a Schematic representation of inverse micelle synthesis process. Aqueous alginate chains are crosslinked in organic bath (top), extracted to an aqueous phase (bottom left), then filtered for purification (bottom right). b Molecular interaction of Ca²⁺ crosslinking, leading to formed NALG. c Photograph of synthesis at various points, from left to right, emulsion before CaCl₂ addition, emulsion after CaCl₂ addition, and separation upon addition of water