Table 2.

Ligand	Classification	Model	Amyloid	Other pathologies	references
NP00111 and NP01138    (Novel TZDs)	PPARγ agonist	cerebral cortex of embryonic day 18 rats	Decreased Aβ	Prevented activation of microglia and suppressed inflammatory markers. Restricted cortical or hippocampal neuronal cell death	[43]
Pirinixic acid derivate MH84	Dual gamma-secretase/PPARγ modulator	Thy-1 AβPPSL mice	reduced cerebral levels of Aβ40	NA	[44]
INT131	SPPARMs- non-thiazolidinedione compound	Rat primary hippocampal neurons	Improved neuronal survival against Aβ	increased dendritic branching, improved mitochondrial functions	[45]
T3D-959	Dual PPAR-δ/PPARγ agonist	streptozotocin-induced AD mouse model	reduced Aβ	Reduced levels of oxidative stress, normalized expression of phospho-tau and choline acetyltransferase.	[42]
		Intracerebral streptozotocin (i.c. STZ) model	-NA-	Improved Brain Insulin/IGF Signaling and reduced neuroinflammation	[46]

PPARγ agonists in various models of AD and its effects on various pathologies. Amyloid beta (Aβ), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), thiazolidinediones (TZDs), streptozotocin (STZ).