Table 3.
HRs and 95% CIs of patient survival or cancer progression relating to galectin-3 expression in eligible studies
| First author | Year | Malignant disease | Main type of pathology | Survival analysis | Cut off point | Case number | OS | DFS/RFS/PFS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High expression | Low expression | HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | ||||||
| Chou [20] | 2018 | Glioblastoma multiforme | Glioma | OS/PFS | IRS score ≥ 2 (range 0–2) | NM | NM | 1.34 (0.59–3.03) | 0.478 | 0.181 (0.025–1.299) | 0.089 |
| Lu [10] | 2017 | Colorectal cancer | AdenoCa | OS | IRS score ≥ 2 (range 0–3) | 43 | 14 | 1.88 (0.88–5.23) | 0.0086 | NM | NM |
| Huang [4] | 2017 | Colorectal cancer | AdenoCa | OS | IRS score ≥ 2 (range 0–4) | 51 | 66 | 2.39 (1.12–4.75) | 0.015 | NM | NM |
| Li [11] | 2017 | Cervical carcinoma | SqCa | OS | IRS score ≥ 7 (range 0–12) | 45 | 39 | 14.00 (1.75–112.31) | 0.013 | NM | NM |
| Shimuraa [41] | 2017 | Biliary cancer | AdenoCa | OS | ≥ 10.3 ng/ml | 22 | 2 | 6.19 (1.18–32.36) | 0.031 | NM | NM |
| Shimurab [41] | 2017 | Pancreatic cancer | AdenoCa | OS | ≥ 10.3 ng/ml | 18 | 3 | 4.59 (1.17–17.68) | 0.028 | NM | NM |
| Wang [49] | 2017 | Ovarian cancer | SqCa | OS | 30% of tumor cells stained | 75 | 23 | 2.19 (1.17–4.02) | 0.014 | NM | NM |
| Liu [37] | 2017 | Colorectal cancer | AdenoCa | DFS | 50% of tumor cells stained | 38 | 23 | NM | NM | 2.10 (1.05–4.17) | < 0.05 |
| Gopalan [21] | 2016 | Colorectal cancer | AdenoCa | OS | IRS score ≥ 3 (range 0–4) | 69 | 4 | 4.00 (0.90–20.00) | 0.052 | NM | NM |
| Ilmer [12] | 2016 | Breast cancer | AdenoCa | OS | Hscore ≥ 150 | 23 | 64 | 0.69 (0.17–2.86) | 0.019 | NM | NM |
| Yang [48] | 2016 | Colorectal cancer | AdenoCa | DFS | IRS score ≥ 4 | 40 | 24 | NM | NM | 2.09 (1.09–3.79) | < 0.05 |
| Tas [36] | 2016 | Gastric cancer | AdenoCa | OS | NM | 29 | 29 | 0.79 (0.37–1.67) | 0.54 | NM | NM |
| Cheng [40] | 2015 | Gastric cancer | AdenoCa | OS | ≥ 16.4 ng/ml | 43 | 43 | 1.63 (0.72–3.66) | 0.099 | NM | NM |
| Lu [47] | 2015 | Ovarian cancer | SqCa | OS | IRS score ≥ 5 | 23 | 54 | 2.32 (1.05–5.10) | 0.036 | NM | NM |
| Jiang [22] | 2014 | Hepatocellular carcinoma | AdenoCa | OS | IRS score ≥ 4 | 135 | 30 | 7.51 (3.00–18.78) | < 0.01 | NM | NM |
| Gomes [23] | 2014 | Gastric cancer | AdenoCa | OS | 50% of tumor cells stained | 31 | 26 | 0.73 (0.27–1.98) | 0.798 | NM | NM |
| Mu [44] | 2013 | Gastric cancer | AdenoCa | OS | ≥ 10.0 ng/ml | NM | NM | 1.58 (1.11–2.86) | 0.013 | NM | NM |
| Wu [45] | 2013 | Non-small cell lung cancer | SqCa | OS | IRS score ≥ 2 (range 0–2) | 102 | 58 | 2.05 (1.15–3.67) | 0.015 | NM | NM |
| Liu [46] | 2013 | Non-small cell lung cancer | SqCa | OS | 10% of tumor cells stained | 52 | 10 | 3.09 (1.23–5.26) | 0.045 | NM | NM |
| Yamaki [24] | 2012 | Breast cancer | AdenoCa | OS/PFS | 30% of tumor cells stained | 67 | 49 | 0.90 (0.15–5.35) | 0.041 | 0.46 (0.18–1.22) | 0.018 |
| Yang [25] | 2012 | Gallbladder carcinoma | AdenoCa | OS | 25% of tumor cells stained | 67 | 41 | 1.68 (1.05–2.69) | 0.028 | NM | NM |
| Kim [26] | 2012 | Gastric cancer | AdenoCa | OS | 10% of tumor cells stained | 397 | 74 | 0.80 (0.51–1.26) | 0.331 | NM | NM |
| Kosacka [38] | 2011 | Non-small cell lung cancer | SqCa | OS | 10% of tumor cells stained | 18 | 29 | 1.24 (0.38–4.05) | 0.84 | NM | NM |
| Povegliano [27] | 2010 | Colorectal cancer | AdenoCa | OS | 50% of tumor cells stained | 32 | 43 | 1.28 (0.01–138.79) | 0.056 | NM | NM |
| Canesin [42] | 2010 | Bladder cancer | SqCa | OS | 20% of tumor cells stained | 194 | 194 | 2.34 (1.81–3.02) | < 0.001 | NM | NM |
| Vereecken [43] | 2009 | Melanoma | NM | OS | ≥ 10.0 ng/ml | NM | NM | 4.64 (2.17–9.91) | 0.0001 | NM | NM |
| Miranda [28] | 2009 | Laryngeal carcinoma | SqCa | DFS | NM | 47 | 18 | NM | NM | 1.06 (0.44–2.60) | 0.5284 |
| Szoke [29] | 2007 | Non-small cell lung cancer | SqCa | OS | NM | 51 | 41 | 1.86 (1.09–3.15) | 0.003 | NM | NM |
| Kang [30] | 2007 | Esophageal cancer | SqCa | OS | IRS score ≥ 2 (range 0–4) | 18 | 44 | 0.98 (0.56–1.70) | 0.227 | NM | NM |
| Moisa [39] | 2007 | Breast cancer | AdenoCa | OS/DFS | IRS score ≥ 2 (range 0–3) | 52 | 146 | 1.41 (1.16–3.89) | 0.013 | 1.65 (0.91–2.87) | 0.09 |
| Okada [13] | 2006 | Gastric cancer | AdenoCa | OS | 60% of tumor cells stained | 60 | 55 | 0.26 (0.11–0.64) | 0.0031 | NM | NM |
| Plzak [31] | 2004 | Head and neck carcinoma | SqCa | OS | 50% of tumor cells stained | 23 | 30 | 0.30 (0.06–1.64) | 0.0024 | NM | NM |
| Piantelli [14] | 2002 | Laryngeal carcinoma | SqCa | OS/RFS | 5% of tumor cells stained | 42 | 31 | 0.54 (0.13–2.23) | 0.0001 | 0.49 (0.20–1.21) | 0.0013 |
| Brule [32] | 2000 | Prostate carcinomas | AdenoCa | PFS | IRS score ≥ 1.5 (range 0–2) | 25 | 102 | NM | NM | 3.45 (1.49–7.95) | 0.044 |
| Honjo [33] | 2001 | Tongue carcinoma | SqCa | OS/DFS | 85% of tumor cells stained | 31 | 23 | 3.51 (1.32–9.37) | 0.012 | 2.30 (0.83–6.33) | 0.021 |
| Nakamura [34] | 1999 | Colorectal cancer | AdenoCa | OS/DFS | 66.7% of tumor cells stained | 36 | 71 | 3.63 (1.88–7.01) | 0.014 | 2.65 (1.54–4.58) | 0.0224 |
| Sanjuan [35] | 1997 | Colorectal cancer | AdenoCa | OS/RFS | 25% of tumor cells stained | 83 | 68 | 4.15 (2.01–8.55) | 0.0086 | 3.32 (1.67–6.60) | 0.01 |
AdenoCa adenocarcinoma, SqCa squamous carcinoma, OS overall survival, DFS disease-free survival, PFS progression-free survival, RFS recurrence-free survival, NM not mentioned, IRS immunoreactivity score, Hscore the intensity and respective percentage cells that stain at each intensity were multiplied to reach a Hscore that ranged from 0 to 300, OS overall survival, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval
a, bData extracted from one study due to different malignant disease (biliary cancer and pancreatic cancer)