Table 1.
General characteristics of students with and without metabolic syndrome before and after matching
| Variables | Before propensity score-matched | After propensity score-matched | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Without MetS (n = 3544) | With MetS (n = 188) | P-value | Without MetS (n = 151) | With MetS (n = 151) | P-value* | |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 12.44 (3.05) | 12.41 (2.89) | 0.88 | 12.26 (2.99) | 12.38 (2.97) | 0.74 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Boy | 1855 (52.4) | 108 (57.4) | 0.17 | 85 (56.29) | 90 (59.60) | 0.56 |
| Girl | 1688 (47.6) | 80 (42.6) | 66 (43.71) | 61 (40.40) | ||
| Living area | ||||||
| Urban | 2560 (72.2) | 154 (81.9) | 0 | 123 (81.46) | 123 (81.46) | 1 |
| Rural | 984 (27.8) | 34 (18.1) | 28 (18.54) | 28 (18.54) | ||
| Physical activity | ||||||
| Low | 1116 (33.6) | 60 (33.7) | 0.08 | 59 (39.07) | 51 (33.77) | 0.15 |
| Moderate | 1091 (32.8) | 71 (39.9) | 44 (29.14) | 60 (39.74) | ||
| High | 1116 (33.6) | 47 (26.4) | 48 (31.79) | 40 (26.49) | ||
| SES | ||||||
| Low | 1143 (33.8) | 66 (36.7) | 0.68 | 60 (39.74) | 57 (37.75) | 0.68 |
| Moderate | 1122 (33.1) | 59 (32.8) | 44 (29.14) | 51 (33.77) | ||
| High | 1121 (33.1) | 55 (30.6) | 47 (31.13) | 43 (28.48) | ||
| Watching TV | ||||||
| Low | 1665 (47) | 79 (42) | 0.18 | 69 (45.70) | 66 (43.71) | 0.73 |
| High | 1875 (53) | 109 (58) | 82 (54.30) | 85 (56.29) | ||
| Working with computer | ||||||
| Low | 3161 (91.4) | 172 (93) | 0.46 | 138 (91.39) | 140 (92.72) | 0.67 |
| High | 297 (8.6) | 13 (7) | 13 (8.61) | 11 (7.28) | ||
| Parental BMI | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 26.32 (4.85) | 27.05 (4.99) | 0.05 | 27.09 (4.95) | 27.19 (4.88) | 0.86* |
| Sweets | ||||||
| Daily | 720 (20.3) | 42 (22.3) | 0.19 | 40 (26.49) | 35 (23.18) | 0.78 |
| Weekly | 1531 (43.2) | 91 (48.4) | 66 (43.71) | 75 (49.67) | ||
| Rarely | 1195 (33.7) | 49 (26.1) | 43 (28.48) | 39 (25.83) | ||
| Never | 98 (2.8) | 6 (3.2) | 2 (1.32) | 2 (1.32) | ||
| Salty snacks | ||||||
| Daily | 162 (4.6) | 19 (10.1) | 0.01 | 11 (7.28) | 13 (8.61) | 0.8 |
| Weekly | 1000 (28.3) | 54 (28.7) | 47 (31.13) | 43 (28.48) | ||
| Rarely | 1819 (51.5) | 89 (47.3) | 72 (47.68) | 78 (51.66) | ||
| Never | 550 (15.6) | 26 (13.8) | 21 (13.91) | 17 (11.26) | ||
| Soft drinks | ||||||
| Daily | 109 (3.1) | 8 (4.3) | 0.01 | 7 (4.64) | 6 (3.97) | 0.91 |
| Weekly | 927 (26.2) | 68 (36.2) | 50 (33.11) | 46 (30.46) | ||
| Rarely | 1611 (45.5) | 73 (38.8) | 59 (39.07) | 65 (43.05) | ||
| Never | 897 (25.3) | 39 (20.7) | 35 (23.18) | 34 (22.52) | ||
| Diet coke | ||||||
| Daily | 20 (0.6) | 1 (0.5) | 0.76 | 0 | 1 (0.66) | 0.58 |
| Weekly | 151 (4.3) | 10 (5.4) | 7 (4.64) | 9 (5.96) | ||
| Rarely | 643 (18.2) | 38 (20.4) | 25 (16.56) | 28 (18.54) | ||
| Never | 2710 (76.9) | 137 (73.7) | 119 (78.81) | 113 (74.83) | ||
| Canned fruit juice | ||||||
| Daily | 363 (10.4) | 23 (12.4) | 0.8 | 24 (15.89) | 22 (14.57) | 0.97 |
| Weekly | 1156 (33.1) | 57 (30.8) | 53 (35.1) | 53 (35.10) | ||
| Rarely | 1501 (42.9) | 79 (42.7) | 62 (41.06) | 62 (41.06) | ||
| Never | 476 (13.6) | 26 (14.1) | 12 (7.95) | 14 (9.27) | ||
| Fast foods | ||||||
| Daily | 418 (11.8) | 28 (15) | 0.35 | 17 (11.26) | 19 (12.58) | 0.98 |
| Weekly | 532 (15) | 32 (17.1) | 26 (17.22) | 26 (17.22) | ||
| Rarely | 1898 (53.6) | 97 (51.9) | 82 (54.30) | 82 (54.30) | ||
| Never | 696 (19.6) | 30 (16) | 26 (17.22) | 24 (15.89) | ||
| Coffee | ||||||
| Daily | 187 (5.3) | 18 (9.6) | 0.05 | 8 (5.30) | 10 (6.62) | 0.59 |
| Weekly | 394 (11.1) | 24 (12.8) | 22 (14.57) | 19 (12.58) | ||
| Rarely | 1386 (39.1) | 73 (38.8) | 55 (36.42) | 65 (43.05) | ||
| Never | 1575 (44.5) | 73 (38.8) | 66 (43.71) | 57 (37.75) | ||
| Family history of hyperlipidemia | ||||||
| No | 1719 (49.1) | 92 (49.5) | 0.92 | 77 (50.99) | 77 (50.99) | 1 |
| Yes | 1783 (50.9) | 94 (50.5) | 74 (49.01) | 74 (49.01) | ||
| Family history of diabetes | ||||||
| No | 1641 (46.6) | 77 (41) | 0.13 | 51 (33.77) | 60 (39.74) | 0.28 |
| Yes | 1877 (53.4) | 111 (59) | 100 (66.23) | 91 (60.26) | ||
| Family history of obesity | ||||||
| No | 1817 (51.5) | 91 (48.4) | 0.4 | 72 (47.68) | 71 (47.02) | 0.91 |
| Yes | 1708 (48.5) | 97 (51.6) | 79 (52.32) | 80 (52.98) | ||
BMI body mass index, SES socioeconomic status, MetS metabolic syndrome
* P-vale for age according to the T-test, others are based on Chi square test