Figure 5. Effects of synthetic plant defense elicitors (Actigard^® and cis-jasmone) and Azadirachtin^® applications on total mortality of diapausing larvae (mean ± SE), recorded in dissected stems at final harvest in winter wheat at the three study locations of Montana.

ES, Egg stage; ELS, Egg and larval stages; LS, Larval stage. (A) Knees, (B) Choteau, (C) Conrad. Circle or triangle of each color bearing the different letters are significantly different (Tukey test, P < 0.05). The number of replicates per treatment was four.