Figure 6. Effects of synthetic plant defense elicitors (Actigard^® and cis-jasmone) and Azadirachtin^® applications on the wheat stem lodging (mean ± SE) recorded at the harvesting time at the three study locations of Montana.

In y-axis scale, 1 indicates that all plants in a plot were vertical and 10 indicates that all plants in a plot were horizontal during crop harvest time. ES, Egg stage; ELS, Egg and larval stages; LS, Larval stage. (A) Knees, (B) Choteau, (C) Conrad. Circle or triangle of each color bearing the different letters are significantly different (Tukey test, P < 0.05). The number of replicates per treatment was four.