Table 2.
PCS at age 50; main effects and demographic interactions, weighted to 2014
| Base Model: Main Effects | Female interaction | Race interaction | cSES interaction | Immigrant interaction | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Beta | 95% CI | p-value | Beta | 95% CI | p-value | Beta | 95% CI | p-value | Beta | 95% CI | p-value | Beta | 95% CI | p-value |
| Constant | 50.62 | (50.11,51.13) | <0.0005 | 50.62 | (50.08,51.16) | <0.0005 | 50.61 | (50.08,51.14) | <0.0005 | 50.80 | (50.27,51.33) | <0.0005 | 50.63 | (50.11,51.14) | <0.0005 |
| Education | 0.91 | (0.78,1.04) | <0.0005 | 0.91 | (0.76,1.07) | <0.0005 | 0.92 | (0.77,1.07) | <0.0005 | 0.81 | (0.67,0.94) | <0.0005 | 0.91 | (0.77,1.04) | <0.0005 |
| Female | −1.71 | (−2.25,−1.17) | <0.0005 | −1.71 | (−2.38,−1.04) | <0.0005 | −1.71 | (−2.25,−1.17) | <0.0005 | −1.72 | (−2.26,−1.18) | <0.0005 | −1.71 | (−2.25,−1.17) | <0.0005 |
| Black | −0.45 | (−1.12,0.23) | 0.195 | −0.45 | (−1.13,0.23) | 0.195 | −0.36 | (−1.11,0.39) | 0.350 | −0.53 | (−1.21,0.15) | 0.126 | −0.45 | (−1.13,0.23) | 0.192 |
| Hispanic / Latino | 0.87 | (−0.12,1.86) | 0.085 | 0.87 | (−0.12,1.86) | 0.085 | 0.93 | (−0.11,1.97) | 0.079 | 0.85 | (−0.14,1.84) | 0.093 | 0.89 | (−0.10,1.89) | 0.079 |
| Other Race / missing |
0.62 | (−0.54,1.77) | 0.297 | 0.62 | (−0.54,1.77) | 0.297 | 0.33 | (−1.23,1.89) | 0.675 | 0.65 | (−0.50,1.80) | 0.269 | 0.60 | (−0.55,1.76) | 0.307 |
| Low cSES | −1.56 | (−2.25,−0.87) | <0.0005 | −1.56 | (−2.26,−0.87) | <0.0005 | −1.56 | (−2.25,−0.87) | <0.0005 | −1.71 | (−2.43,−1.00) | <0.0005 | −1.56 | (−2.25,−0.87) | <0.0005 |
| Southern birth | −0.95 | (−1.57,−0.32) | 0.003 | −0.95 | (−1.57,−0.32) | 0.003 | −0.94 | (−1.57,−0.31) | 0.003 | −0.89 | (−1.52,−0.27) | 0.005 | −0.95 | (−1.58,−0.33) | 0.003 |
| Immigrant | −0.20 | (−1.95,1.54) | 0.818 | −0.20 | (−1.95,1.54) | 0.818 | −0.21 | (−1.96,1.54) | 0.813 | −0.20 | (−1.94,1.55) | 0.824 | −0.45 | (−2.48,1.57) | 0.660 |
| Rural residence at 14 |
−0.15 | (−0.81,0.52) | 0.662 | −0.15 | (−0.81,0.52) | 0.662 | −0.14 | (−0.80,0.53) | 0.685 | −0.19 | (−0.85,0.48) | 0.581 | −0.15 | (−0.81,0.52) | 0.661 |
| Birth year | −0.01 | (−0.13,0.11) | 0.840 | −0.01 | (−0.13,0.11) | 0.840 | −0.01 | (−0.14,0.11) | 0.823 | −0.01 | (−0.13,0.11) | 0.885 | −0.01 | (−0.14,0.11) | 0.833 |
| Female * education |
−0.00 | (−0.25,0.24) | 0.992 | ||||||||||||
| Black * education |
−0.15 | (−0.43,0.13) | 0.301 | ||||||||||||
| Hispanic * education |
−0.14 | (−0.48,0.19) | 0.402 | ||||||||||||
| Other Race * education |
0.21 | (−0.31,0.73) | 0.419 | ||||||||||||
| Low cSES * education |
0.39 | (0.06,0.72) | 0.020 | ||||||||||||
| Immigrant * education |
0.24 | (−0.28,0.75) | 0.367 | ||||||||||||
PCS is physical health component summary score.
Education is centered at 12 years, and birth year is centered at 1960 so the constant is interpretable.
Education is coded linearly as years of education; a 1-unit increase in education is a 1-year increase in schooling.
The reference group is White men born in the U.S., outside the South, who lived in non-rural areas at age 14 years and whose mothers completed 12 or more years of schooling; because each analytic model varies in the interaction terms included, the interpretation of the main effect for education similarly varies across models.
Interaction term coefficients indicate the additional difference in PCS / MCS associated with each year of education; positive interaction terms indicate the demographic group benefited more from each year of education than the reference group, while negative interaction terms indicate the demographic group benefited less from each year of education than the reference group. To calculate the change in PCS / MCS for a one-year increase in education for a specific demographic group, sum the coefficient for the main effect for education with the coefficient for the interaction term.