Table 2.
Medicare Expenditures and healthcare utilization from dementia incidence to death by ethnicity (n=86)
| Total | non-Hispanic White (n=26) | non-Hispanic Black (n=23) | Hispanic (n=37) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Survival time, years, mean (SD) | 3.02(2.29) | 2.53(1.97) | 2.65(2.11) | 3.59(2.52) |
|
| ||||
| CHARACTERISTICS AT DEATH | ||||
|
| ||||
| Age, mean (SD) | 88.84(6.77) | 90.27(7.42) | 88.67(6.92) | 87.93(6.20) |
|
| ||||
| Comorbidity Index, mean (SD) | 2.74(1.67) | 2.62(1.96) | 2.61(1.56) | 2.92(1.54) |
|
| ||||
| ADL difficulty index, mean (SD) | 1.21(1.18) | 1.46(1.22) | 1.14(1.17) | 1.09(1.16) |
|
| ||||
| IADL difficulty index, mean (SD) | 2.36(1.30) | 2.33(1.20) | 2.41(1.18) | 2.35(1.45) |
|
| ||||
| UTILIZATION | ||||
|
| ||||
| Hospital admissions, mean (SD) | 5.22 (5.55) | 3.58(4.53) | 7.09(6.92)** | 5.22(5.01) |
|
| ||||
| Hospital days, mean (SD) | 72.78 (88.45) | 61.00(78.71) | 104.43(95.33) ** | 61.38(87.98) |
|
| ||||
| ICU days, mean (SD) | 3.27 (6.05) | 2.73(4.80) | 4.35(6.34) | 2.97(6.70) |
|
| ||||
| Hospice days, mean (SD) | 18.78(75.83) | 28.81(101.17) | 3.22 (9.16) | 21.41(78.63) |
|
| ||||
| MEDICARE EXPENDITURES AFTER DEMENTIA DIAGNOSIS | ||||
|
| ||||
| Annual (2017$) | ||||
| mean (SD) | $69,370(80,120) | $79,949(122,772) | $86,920(59,583) | $54,541(45,546) |
| [median] | [$46,730] | [48,344] | [$86,069]* | [32,665] |
|
| ||||
| Total (2017$) | ||||
| mean (SD) | $152,352(153,770) | $117,928(124,661) | $204,575(198,892) | $144,078(134,887) |
| [median] | [$96,223] | [$74,168] | [$158,661]* | [$95,646] |
Note: ADL= Activities of Daily Living; IADL= Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; ICU= Intensive Care Unit;
*
p<.10 rank sum;
**
p<.05 rank sum