| Descriptive |
OR (95% CI) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | No KP | Incident KP | Crude | Age, gender, BMI-adjusted | |
| N | 2341 | 2056 | 285 | ||
| Central risk factors | |||||
| Widespread pain at baseline, n (%) | 316 (13.50) | 247 (12.01) | 69 (24.21) | 2.34 (1.73; 3.16) | 2.23 (1.63; 3.06) |
| HADS anxiety score ≥8 at baseline, n (%) | 559 (23.88) | 477 (23.20) | 82 (28.77) | 1.34 (1.02; 1.76) | 1.27 (0.95; 1.70) |
| HADS depression score ≥8 at baseline, n (%) | 216 (9.23) | 169 (8.22) | 47 (16.49) | 2.21 (1.55; 3.13) | 1.99 (1.38; 2.87) |
| PCS in the highest tertile (≥9) at baseline, n (%) | 611 (26.1) | 524 (25.50) | 87 (30.63) | 1.29 (0.98; 1.69) | 1.14 (0.86; 1.52) |
| Peripheral risk factors | |||||
| Significant injury at baseline, n (%) | 183 (7.82) | 158 (7.85) | 25 (8.90) | 1.15 (0.74; 1.78) | 1.08 (0.68; 1.72) |
| New injury (past 12 months), n (%) | 38 (1.62) | 4 (0.19) | 34 (11.93) | 69.49 (24.46; 197.4) | 69.27 (24.15; 198.7) |
| Early varus malalignment, n (%) | 72 (3.07) | 62 (3.25) | 10 (3.86) | 1.20 (0.61; 2.36) | 1.28 (0.64; 2.57) |
| Early valgus malalignment, n (%) | 28 (1.20) | 23 (1.23) | 5 (1.96) | 1.60 (0.60; 4.26) | 1.05 (0.36; 3.12) |
| High risk occupation, n (%) | 833 (35.57) | 732 (35.59) | 101 (35.44) | 0.99 (0.77; 1.29) | 0.99 (0.76; 1.30) |
| 2D4D ratio (type 3), n (%) | 1171 (50.02) | 1023 (51.10) | 148 (54.81) | 1.16 (0.90; 1.50) | 1.18 (0.90; 1.54) |
| Other risk factors | |||||
| Age (years), mean (SD)∗ | 62.54 (10.25) | 62.56 (10.28) | 62.38 (10.09) | 1.00 (0.99; 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99; 1.01) |
| Women, n (%)† | 1343 (57.37) | 1170 (56.93) | 173 (60.70) | 1.17 (0.91; 1.51) | 1.15 (0.89; 1.50) |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD)‡ | 26.20 (4.50) | 26.04 (4.46) | 27.36 (4.65) | 1.06 (1.03; 1.09) | 1.06 (1.03; 1.09) |
| Nodal OA, n (%) | 225 (9.61) | 188 (9.41) | 37 (13.60) | 1.52 (1.04; 2.21) | 1.49 (0.99; 2.23) |
| N of comorbidities, mean (SD), n (%) | 0.69 (0.79) | 0.67 (0.77) | 0.86 (0.90) | 1.32 (1.14; 1.53) | 1.31 (1.12; 1.53) |
| Any comorbidities, n (%) | 1213 (51.82) | 1039 (50.54) | 174 (61.05) | 1.53 (1.19; 1.98) | 1.48 (1.13; 1.95) |
| Any comorbidities ≥ 2, n (%) | 335 (14.30) | 285 (13.86) | 50 (17.54) | 1.32 (0.95; 1.84) | 1.26 (0.90; 1.78) |
| Any comorbidities ≥ 3, n (%) | 62 (2.65) | 46 (2.24) | 16 (5.61) | 2.60 (1.45; 4.66) | 2.54 (1.41; 4.60) |
| Any comorbidities ≥ 4, n (%) | 8 (0.34) | 4 (0.19) | 4 (1.40) | 7.30 (1.82; 29.36) | 8.85 (1.95; 40.16) |
In bold - If a 95% confidence interval does not include the null value (i.e. there is a statistically meaningful or statistically significant difference between the groups).
Abbreviations: BMI - body mass index; KP – knee pain; OR – odds ratio; CI –confidence interval; HADS - Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; PCS - Pain Catastrophizing Scale; SD - standard deviation.
∗
Adjusted for gender and BMI only.
†
Adjusted for age and BMI only.
‡
Adjusted for age and gender only.