Table 2. Estimated differences at 8 years between treated and control patients, adjusted for baseline age, BMI, fasting glucose, lipids, blood pressure, and QOL (assessed by AMS).
| Parameter | Mild group treated (n=253) vs. Mild group control (n=362) | Moderate-severe group treated (n=159) vs. Moderate-severe group control (n=31) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimated adjusted difference | 95% CI | p-value | Estimated adjusted difference | 95% CI | p-value | |||
| Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | |||||
| Urinary function parameters | ||||||||
| IPSS | −5.5 | −5.9 | −5.1 | <0.0001 | −7.9 | −8.9 | −7.0 | <0.0001 |
| Post-voiding residual volume (mL) | −52.8 | −56.8 | −48.8 | <0.0001 | −66.6 | −74.9 | −58.3 | <0.0001 |
| Prostate parameters | ||||||||
| Prostate volume (mL) | −0.4 | −0.8 | 0.0 | <0.05 | −1.9 | −3.1 | −0.7 | <0.005 |
| PSA (ng/mL) | −0.2 | −0.5 | 0.0 | NS | −0.6 | −1.2 | 0.0 | NS |
| Anthropometric parameters | ||||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | −5.4 | −6.0 | −4.9 | <0.0001 | −6.7 | −7.5 | −5.8 | <0.0001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | −11.2 | −12.0 | −10.4 | <0.0001 | −13.2 | −14.7 | −11.7 | <0.0001 |
| Weight (kg) | −17.9 | −19.0 | −16.8 | <0.0001 | −20.5 | −23.2 | −17.8 | <0.0001 |
| Testosterone | ||||||||
| Total testosterone (nmol/L) | 8.4 | 8.1 | 8.7 | <0.0001 | 8.1 | 7.2 | 9.1 | <0.0001 |
| Inflammatory marker | ||||||||
| CRP (mg/dL) | −2.7 | −3.1 | −2.2 | <0.0001 | −2.7 | −4.0 | −1.5 | <0.0001 |
| Blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||||||
| Systolic blood pressure | −23.0 | −25.3 | −20.7 | <0.0001 | −31.0 | −35.6 | −26.5 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | −10.5 | −12.7 | −8.4 | <0.0001 | −19.2 | −23.3 | −15.0 | <0.0001 |
| Lipids (mmol/L) | ||||||||
| Total cholesterol | −2.9 | −3.0 | −2.7 | <0.0001 | −3.3 | −3.6 | −2.9 | <0.0001 |
| HDL cholesterol | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.5 | <0.0001 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.5 | <0.0001 |
| LDL cholesterol | −2.1 | −2.3 | −2.0 | <0.0001 | −2.5 | −2.7 | −2.2 | <0.0001 |
| Triglyceride | −1.2 | −1.2 | −1.1 | <0.0001 | −1.2 | −1.4 | −1.0 | <0.0001 |
| Glycemic control | ||||||||
| HbA1c (%) | −2.8 | −3.1 | −2.5 | <0.0001 | −3.6 | −4.1 | −3.0 | <0.0001 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | −1.1 | −1.3 | −0.9 | <0.0001 | −1.5 | −1.7 | −1.2 | <0.0001 |
| QOL | ||||||||
| AMS | −38.0 | −39.3 | −36.8 | <0.0001 | −42.0 | −44.6 | −39.4 | <0.0001 |
BMI, body mass index; QOL, quality of life; AMS, Aging Males' Symptoms; CI, confidence interval; IPSS, International Prostate Symptom Score; PSA, prostate specific antigen; CRP, C-reactive protein; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; NS, not significant.