Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of study participants (N = 662)

Variables	Category	Frequency (n)	Percentage (%)
Gender	Male	321	48.5
	Female	341	51.5
Number of children in the family	≤ 2	361	55.0
	> 2	301	45.0
Number of adults in the family	≤ 2	342	52.0
	> 2	320	48.0
Number of siblings for recruited child	≤ 2	578	87.3
	> 2	84	12.7
Religion	Hindu	356	53.8
	Christian	16	2.4
	Muslim	290	43.8
Maternal age (years)	≤ median 26	361	55.5
	> median 26	301	45.4
Maternal education	No formal education	87	13
	Primary	168	26
	High school	339	51
	Higher secondary/Graduate and higher	68	10
Maternal occupation	Home maker	516	78
	Employed outside home	146	22
Father living with the child	Yes	637	96.2
	No	25	3.8
Paternal age (years)	≤ median 30	360	54.3
	>median 30	302	45.7
Paternal education	Professional degree	4	0.6
	Graduate/Post graduate degree	18	2.6
	Post high school/diploma	6	0.9
	High school certificate	110	16.6
	Middle school certificate	274	41.3
	Primary school certificate	154	23.2
	No education	96	14.5
Paternal Occupation	Professional	5	0.7
	Semi professional	1	0.1
	Clerical job/shop owner/farmer	21	3.1
	Skilled worker	113	17.0
	Semi-skilled worker	96	14.5
	Unskilled worker	392	59.2
	Unemployed	34	5.1
Type of house	Pucca	273	41.3
	Semi pucca	170	25.6
	Kutcha	219	33.1
Family size	≤ 5	354	53.4
	> 5	308	46.6
Number of rooms	≤ 2	499	75.4
	> 2	163	24.6
Reported family income per month (INR)	< 2000	7	1
	2000–5000	416	63
	6000–10,000	224	34
	> 10,000	15	2
Socio-economic status	Lower	2	0.3
	Upper lower	609	92.0
	Lower middle	46	7.0
	Upper middle	5	0.7