Table 2.
Current storage and preservation methods for EVs.
| Preservation method | Storage temperature | Storage solution | EV source | Isolation method | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conventional Freezing | -80°C | PBS | BMMSCs | Ultracentrifugation | Vallabhaneni et al., 2015 |
| -80° C | PBS | hAECs | Ultracentrifugation | Zhao et al., 2017 | |
| Ultrafiltration | |||||
| -80°C | PBS | iMSCs | Ultracentrifugation | Hu et al., 2015 | |
| Sucrose gradient | |||||
| Ultrafiltration | |||||
| -80°C | PBS | MSCs | Ultracentrifugation | Zhu et al., 2014; Pachler et al., 2017 | |
| -80°C | PBS | Cardiac fibroblasts and iPSCs | PEG precipitation | Hu et al., 2016 | |
| 4°C, -80°C | PBS | MSCs | Ultracentrifugation | Xin et al., 2012 | |
| -80°C | PBS | imDCs | Ultracentrifugation | Tian et al., 2014 | |
| Ultrafiltration | |||||
| -80°C | PBS | Mouse BMDCs | Ultrafiltration/diafiltration | Viaud et al., 2009 | |
| -80°C | PBS | Mouse BMDCs | Ultracentrifugation | Damo et al., 2015 | |
| Ultrafiltration | |||||
| -80°C | PBS | BMDCs | Ultracentrifugation | Naslund et al., 2013 | |
| -80°C | 0.9% normal saline | Dendritic cells | Ultracentrifugation on a D2O/sucrose cushion | Morse et al., 2005 | |
| -80°C | 0.9% NACl | MSCs | PEG precipitation | Ophelders et al., 2016 | |
| -20°C | PBS | Brain endothelial cells | Invitrogen® Total Exosome RNA and Protein Isolation Kit | Yang et al., 2015 | |
| -80°C | Total Exosome Isolation reagent | EPCs | Ultracentrifugation using Total Exosome Isolation reagent (GENESEED, China) | Ke et al., 2017 | |
| -80°C | Serum-free medium 199 + 25 mM HEPES | ADMSCs | Ultracentrifugation | Eirin et al., 2017 | |
| -80°C | Serum-free medium 199 + 25 mM HEPES | HUVECs | Ultracentrifugation | Zhang et al., 2014c | |
| -80°C | RPMI + 1% DMSO | HK-2 | Ultracentrifugation | Lindoso et al., 2014 | |
| +4°C, -80°C | PBS + 25 mM Trehalose | MIN6 cells | Ultracentrifugation | Bosch et al., 2016 | |
| -80°C | Serum-free Medium 199 | MSC | Ultracentrifugation | Bruno et al., 2009, 2012 | |
| Fibroblasts | |||||
| -80°C | Medium 199 | EPCs | Ultracentrifugation | Deregibus et al., 2012 | |
| Fibroblasts | |||||
| -80°C | Not disclosed | ESC-derived MSCs | Chromatography | Arslan et al., 2013 | |
| Ultrafiltration | |||||
| -80°C | Not disclosed | EPCs | Ultracentrifugation | Li et al., 2016 | |
| Filtration | |||||
| +4°C, +37°C, -20° C | Not disclosed | HEK293T, ECFC, MSCs | Ultracentrifugation | Sokolova et al., 2011 | |
| +60°C, +37°C, +4°C, -20°C, -80°C | Not disclosed | HEK293T | ExtraPEG reagent | Cheng et al., 2018 | |
| Freeze drying | +4°C, -20°C, -80°C | Plasmalyte A, Ringers, Plasmalyte A + Dextrose | Cardiosphere-derived cells | Ultrafiltration | Kreke et al., 2016 |
| Diafiltration | |||||
| -20°C | Laemmli Buffer | TM cells | Ultracentrifugation | Stamer et al., 2011 | |
| -80°C | PBS | LIM1215 cells | Ultracentrifugation | Lydic et al., 2015 | |
BMMSC, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; hAECs, human amniotic epithelial cells; iMSCs, iPSCs, imDCs, BMDCs, ADMSCs: adipose tissue MSCs; HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; HK-2, human kidney cell line; MIN6, murine pancreatic beta cell line; ESC-derived MSCs, human embryonic stem cell-derived MSCs; HEK293T, human embryonic kidney cells; ECFC, endothelial colony forming cells; TM, human trabecular mesh cells; LIM1215, human colorectal cancer cell line.