Table 1.

Clinical trials of systemic treatments for mCRPC that improve overall survival.

	Trial (registration number)	Study intervention		Median overall survival (95% CI)		Hazard ratio (95% CI; P-value)	References	Sequence
		Treatment	Control	Treatment	Control
Chemotherapy	TAX-327a	Docetaxel + Prednisone	Mitoxantrone + Prednisone	19.2 months (17.5–21.3)	16.3 months (14.3–17.9)	0.76 (0.62–0.94; P = 0.009)	Berthold et al. (2008), Tannock et al. (2004)	Progression after ADT without chemotherapy
Hormonal therapy	PREVAIL (Nbib1212991)	Enzalutamide	Placebo	35.3 months (32.2–not yet reached)	31.3 months (28.8–34.2)	0.77 (0.67–0.88; P = 0.0002)	Beer et al. (2017, 2014)	Progression after ADT without chemotherapy
	AFFIRM (Nbib974311)	Enzalutamide	Placebo	18.4 months (17.3–not yet reached)	13.6 months (11.3–15.8)	0.63 (0.53–0.75; P < 0.001)	Scher et al. (2012)	Progression after ADT and docetaxel

^aNo trial registration number available for TAX-327.

ADT, androgen-deprivation therapy; CI, confidence interval.