Table 2.

Multiple large clinical trials of alternative therapies that improve survival of patients with mCRPC.

	Trial (registration number)	Study intervention		Median overall survival (95% CI)		Hazard ratio (95% CI; P-value)	References	Sequence
		Treatment	Control	Treatment	Control
Hormonal therapy	COU-AA-302 (Nbib887198)	Abiraterone + Prednisone	Placebo + Prednisone	34.7 months (32.7–36.8)	30.3 months (28.7–33.3)	0.81 (0.70–0.93; P = 0.0033)	Ryan et al. (2013, 2015), Rathkopf et al. (2014)	Progression after ADT without chemotherapy
	COU-AA-301 (Nbib638690)	Abiraterone + Prednisone	Placebo + Prednisone	15.8 months (14.8–17.0)	11.2 months (10.4–13.1)	0.74 (0.64–0.86; P < 0.0001)	De Bono et al. (2011), Fizazi et al. (2012)	Progression after ADT and docetaxel
Chemotherapy	TROPIC (Nbib417079)	Cabazitaxel + Prednisone	Mitoxantrone + Prednisone	15.1 months (14.1–16.3)	12.7 months (11.6–13.7)	0.70 (0.59–0.83; P < 0.0001)	de Bono et al. (2010), Bahl et al. (2013)	Progression after ADT and docetaxel
Immunotherapy	IMPACT (Nbib65442)	Sipuleucel-T	Placebo	25.8 months (22.8–27.7)	21.7 months (17.7–23.8)	0.78 (0.61–0.98; P = 0.03)	Kantoff et al. (2010)	Progression after ADT, unspecified docetaxel status
Alpha-particle Therapy	ALSYMPCA (Nbib699751)	Radium-223	Placebo	14.9 months (13.9–16.1)	11.3 months (10.1–12.8)	0.70 (0.58–0.83; P < 0.001)	Parker et al. (2013)	Progression after ADT, unspecified docetaxel status

ADT, androgen-deprivation therapy; CI, confidence interval.