Table 1.
Association of DKK1 expression with clinicopathological characteristics of patients with HNSCC
| Characteristics | N | Mean ± SD | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sex | |||
| Female | 136 | 7.01±2.55 | 0.772 |
| Male | 384 | 7.08±2.57 | |
| Age (years) | |||
| <60 | 233 | 6.88±2.67 | 0.137 |
| ≥60 | 286 | 7.21±2.47 | |
| Smoking behavior | |||
| No | 117 | 6.58±2.67 | 0.020 |
| Yes | 391 | 7.21±2.50 | |
| Alcohol history | |||
| No | 162 | 6.70±2.61 | 0.024 |
| Yes | 347 | 7.25±2.51 | |
| Histologic grade | |||
| G1+2 | 366 | 7.08±2.42 | 0.756 |
| G3+4 | 132 | 7.16±2.88 | |
| Tumor site | |||
| Oral cavity | 385 | 6.88±2.61 | 0.045 |
| Oropharynx | 9 | 7.08±1.30 | |
| Hypopharynx | 10 | 8.05±2.06 | |
| Larynx | 116 | 7.57±2.45 | |
| HPV status | |||
| Positive | 41 | 5.12±2.43 | 3.66×10−5 |
| Negative | 73 | 7.21±2.44 | |
| Pathologic tumor category | |||
| Tis/T1/T2 | 185 | 6.78±2.45 | 0.006 |
| T3/T4 | 273 | 7.45±2.59 | |
| Pathologic nodal category | |||
| No | 176 | 7.00±2.46 | 0.197 |
| Yes | 244 | 7.33±2.60 | |
| Pathologic stage | |||
| I + II | 101 | 6.76±2.42 | 0.048 |
| III + IV | 347 | 7.33±2.59 | |
| Margin | |||
| No | 351 | 7.16±2.58 | 0.724 |
| Yes | 59 | 7.29±2.48 | |
| Recurrence status | |||
| No | 329 | 6.93±2.60 | 0.246 |
| Yes | 108 | 7.27±2.71 |
Abbreviations: HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; HPV human papillomavirus.