TABLE 2.
| Breakfast | Skip | |
|---|---|---|
| Required foods consumed | ||
| Controlled breakfast | ||
| Energy, kcal | 343 ± 0* | 0 ± 0 |
| Protein, g | 30.1 ± 0* | 0 ± 0 |
| Carbohydrate, g | 35.5 ± 0* | 0 ± 0 |
| Fat, g | 9.4 ± 0* | 0 ± 0 |
| Sugar, g | 20.5 ± 0* | 0 ± 0 |
| Controlled lunch | ||
| Energy, kcal | 516 ± 0 | 516 ± 0 |
| Protein, g | 24.1 ± 0 | 24.1 ± 0 |
| Carbohydrate, g | 63.7 ± 0 | 63.7 ± 0 |
| Fat, g | 19.7 ± 0 | 19.7 ± 0 |
| Sugar, g | 5.7 ± 0 | 5.7 ± 0 |
| Ad libitum foods consumed | ||
| Free-living evening intake | ||
| Energy, kcal | 1938 ± 263 | 2252 ± 366 |
| Weight, g | 1005 ± 128* | 1190 ± 151 |
| Protein, g | 62.9 ± 8.3 | 68.3 ± 10.0 |
| Carbohydrate, g | 274.0 ± 40.1 | 330.0 ± 52.8 |
| Fat, g | 68.5 ± 11.0 | 76.0 ± 14.3 |
| Sugar, g | 143.0 ± 22.6† | 173.0 ± 26.6 |
| High-carbohydrate and high-fat foods | ||
| kcal | 650 ± 123* | 938 ± 180 |
| g | 389 ± 56* | 520 ± 81 |
| Total daily intake | ||
| Energy, kcal | 2798 ± 262.9 | 2768 ± 365.5 |
| Protein, g | 117 ± 8.3* | 92.4 ± 10.0 |
| Carbohydrate, g | 373 ± 36.5 | 393 ± 52.8 |
| Fat, g | 97.6 ± 11.0 | 95.7 ± 14.3 |
| Sugar, g | 169 ± 22.6 | 179 ± 26.6 |
1
Values are means ± SEMs, n = 13. *Different from Skip, P < 0.05. †Trend for difference compared with Skip, P = 0.085. Breakfast, consumption of a high-protein breakfast; Skip, skipping breakfast.
2
Repeated-measures ANOVA, P < 0.05.