Table 1.
Maternal demographic characteristics and laboratory data
| Characteristics and variables | GDM (n = 92) | Non‐GDM (n = 701) | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 30.59 ± 4.05 | 28.13 ± 4.18 | <0.001*† |
| Menarche age (years) | 13.91 ± 1.11 | 13.92 ± 1.01 | 0.930† |
| History of cesarean section | 24 (26.1%) | 128 (18.3%) | 0.073‡ |
| History of miscarriage | 8 (8.7%) | 53 (7.6%) | 0.701‡ |
| History of induced abortion | 45 (48.9%) | 303 (43.2%) | 0.301‡ |
| History of premature delivery | 1 (1.1%) | 5 (0.7%) | 1.000‡ |
| Pre‐pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 23.01 ± 3.91 | 21.73 ± 2.97 | <0.001*† |
| Plasma ferritin (ng/mL) | 25.35 (13.09, 43.24) | 18.55 (10.77, 30.47) | <0.001*† |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.04 ± 0.73 | 4.31 ± 0.34 | <0.001*† |
| 1 h‐PG (mmol/L) | 9.99 ± 1.57 | 7.06 ± 1.24 | <0.001*† |
| 2 h‐PG (mmol/L) | 8.16 ± 1.68 | 6.11 ± 0.94 | <0.001*† |
| Hb (g/L) | 121.23 ± 7.68 | 118.92 ± 7.21 | <0.001*† |
Data are presented as median (25th and 75th percentile). Data of plasma ferritin levels were normalized using log‐transformation. *P < 0.05, gestational diabetes mellitus vs non‐gestational diabetes mellitus. †The t‐test and ‡χ2‐test. 1 h‐PG, plasma glucose 1 h after the oral glucose tolerance test; 2 h‐PG, plasma glucose 2 h after the oral glucose tolerance test; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus group; Hb, hemoglobin; Non‐GDM, non‐gestational diabetes mellitus group.