Figure 5.

(A) Activation times at about 3.3 ms distance at different curvatures without bath-loading conditions for a muscle thickness of 1.5 mm. The change in shape of the wavefronts in the curved domains is clearly noticeable. The shapes depend on the sign and magnitude of the curvature κ. Note that the construction of the domain leads to different geometries for positive and negative curvatures. This is because that we keep the endocardial length fixed, but we allow the epicardial surface to become shorter or longer. (B) Endocardial CVs as a function of the curvature for several muscle thicknesses when an intracardiac bath of size ℓ_b = 6 mm is considered. (C) Endocardial CVs as a function of the curvature for several muscle thicknesses when intracardiac and extracardiac baths of size ℓ_b = 3 mm are considered. As for the case with no bath-loading conditions conduction endocardial CVs speed up for negative curvatures and slow down for positive curvatures (B,C). The case of mucles thickness 25 μm correspends to the case of two-dimensional manifolds in three-dimensional simulations. When the muscle thickness ℓ_m is very small (25 μm), the CVs are independent of the curvature. In this case, the signal speed is strongly influenced by the bath conductivities. If ℓ_m > 1 mm, then muscle thickness does change much endocardial CVs but curvature does.