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The levels of plasma cytokines were upregulated in RA patients. Blood samples were obtained from RA patients (RA, n=48) and healthy volunteer donors (HC, n=48). The samples were subjected to ELISAs to measure the levels of cytokines, including TNF-α (A), IL-1 (B), IL-6 (C) and IL-8 (D). ** P <0.001.
